634 BtTREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



A considerable number of temporal and modal adverbs occur, the 

 latter expressing certainty, compulsion, intention, and a great variety 

 of ideas which we express by auxiliary verbs or by separate clauses. 

 These can not be derived from simpler forms. Such are: 



ai'aq can ^ 



xa'oxaL can not 



goi will 



qe'xtce without reaching the desired end 



Jca'ltas in vain, only 



qd'doxue must 



atsuwa' probably 



Lx may (implying uncertainty) 



Tcloma perhaps 



Lo'nas I don't know (expression of uncertainty) 



jyoc contrary to fact 



jpEt really 



nakct not 



na interrogative particle 



Leqs almost 



qald'tcx'l hardly 



d'nqaite) already, before 



a'lta now 



d'Lqe later on 



Icawa'tka soon 



and' sometimes 



nau'i at once 



le, le'le a long time 



q.'astE'n for the first time 



tcax for a while 



wixt again 



hulE'ts once more 



ald'Uwa again in this manner 



gud'nsETn always 



wax next day (wux-i' to-morrow; hawl'x- early) 



q.'od'p near 



tc.'pdJc quickly 



Lawd' slowly 



{ai'aq quickly) 



txul too much 



maniqld' too much 



tld'qea just like 



d'la even 



1 Evidently the original significance of this word is quickly; for instance, ai'aq no'ya (if you tell me to 

 go) I GO QUICKLY, i. e., I can go. 



§47 



