642 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Ibull. 40 



with diminutive s). it is perhaps not too far-fetched to recognize 

 augmentative consonantism in the following nouns: 



i-ga'nuk beaver ic-kcku'ct testicles (contrast is- 

 i-gu'nat Chinook salmon (con- qxu's eyes) 



trast wa-tsu'iha blue- i-gu'cax sky 



BLACK salmon) ic-gwo'lola gun 



i-CE'lqcElq porcupine wa'-itc tail of mainmal 



ic-ga'Tcwal eel ic-li'ct fish-tail (contrast is-p!i'ost 



i-du'iha buffalo tail of bulb, dried fish) 



It sometimes happens that a change to diminutive consonantism 

 implies not so much the diminutiveness of the object referred to as a 

 sense of endearment. This seems particularly true in the case of 

 certain terms of relationship : 



Non-diminutive Diminutive 



-qcE-n Iman's son's -k'.a'c-u-c paternal grandfather 



$ra/c-w( vocative) J child 



-gak-an Iman's daugh- -ga'k!-u-c maternal grandfather 



gra'^-w (vocative)l ter's child 



-gi-an woman's son's child -k!i-c paternal grandmother 



Interesting as examples of augmentative consonantism are the 

 names of Coyote's four sons, all of which are derived from words 

 denoting body-parts of the salmon. The augmentative consonantism 

 implies the lubberliness of Coyote's sons. 



Body-parts of salmon Names of Coyote's sons 



i-i^/Zft'^rin salmon-head gristle Sipa'-glatsin Big Gristle (Wish- 

 ram Texts 66.5) 



i-ksa'lk!uts backbone of fish Sipa'-lcsalguts Big Backbone 



(Wishram Texts 66.6) 



i-qlwi'naniin Sapa'-gwinan Big Fin (Wishram 



Texts 66.7) 



a-k!a'tkHgwax adipose fin Sapag-a'tkHgwax Big Adipose Fin 

 (? better -q!a'U:Hgwax) (Wishram Texts 66.8) 



As has already been remarked, the noun is not the only part of 

 speech that illustrates the consonantal play here discussed. Adverbs 

 and particle verbs of appropriate meaning sometimes show diminutive 

 consonantism: tslu'nus a little; sak! to whistle; sa'u sau to 

 whisper (contrast Lower Chinook cdu); Lower Chinook kla and may 

 be diminutive to lea. The diminutive form of a particle verb denotes 

 a less intense state of being or activity than its correlative form. 

 Sometimes its meaning is considerably specialized : 



§53 



