boar] handbook of AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 647 



pronouns agree with the nominal gender. This agreement is, on the 

 whole, one of form, but in the Lower Chinook texts cases occur in 

 which the noun has indefinite (neuter) gender L-, while, according to 

 its actual sex or number, the incorporated pronoun is masculine, 

 feminine, or plural. I do not know whether this is an individual 

 trait of the narrator of the available texts or not. 



Generally the verb with its incorporated pronouns precedes the 

 subject and objects, but there is great freedom of usage. 

 Sentences with intransitive verbs : 



ayo'maqt im' xak ! ETndna dead was their chief 37.1 

 aLte'main LgoLe'lxEmk it came a person 11.15 

 Sentences with transitive verbs, nominal subject and object: 



ULkto'])! Eua Ld'^eiiMrn qo'ia Ld'newa he utters his song that first 



one 196.7 

 tgigE'nxaute ikand'te tEmewd'lEma they watch it a soul the ghosts 



199.10 (^^i- they it; i-kana'te so\\\\ t-mewd'lE7na ghosts) 

 aLgo'ctxox L^d'gil qax o^d'Jcuil she carries her on her back a 

 woman that woman 248.21 



Examples of inverted order are the following : 



eqctxe'Lau ateungo'mit LEmcd'wux a monster (he) carried (her) 



away your younger sister 11.5 

 lea qo'ha iau'a Idimta' aLktop.'EUd'x Ld'^ewam an<l that one there 



behind (he) utters (them) his songs 196.9 

 emd'cEn aLgid'x kLd'qewam a deer nuikes the one who has (his) 



songs (i. e., the shaman) 199.11 

 aqui'nETYiikc tkald'mukc atgd'qcx o'IexIcuI five men (they) hold 



(her) in their mouths dried salmon 267.19 

 e^o'lc azge' LElotx IcLtdp.'End'n te'lx'Em a blanket he gives (it) to 



(them) those who named the people 267.25 

 Particle verbs always precede their auxiliary verb : 

 Ldq" atcd'yax he took him out 133.13 

 stux atcd'yax he untied him 135.13 

 uhu' ne'xax he made uliu' 49.3 

 leIc'^ nd'xax it (fern.) broke 70.24 

 L.'lap d'yb he went under water 14.16 

 This agrees with the most frequent position of adverbs : 

 d'Tia aLxd'x thus it does 239.16 

 nau'i aLo'mEqtx it faints at once 239.6 

 ndlict aLgid'ioa^ they did not kill him 99.18 

 ya'xMti atgE'pIx there they entered 49.14 



The discussion of the prefixes in § 25 shows that the relation of 

 indirect objects to the verb are expressed by verbal elements. In 



§55 



