650 BUREAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY Lbull. 40 



most frequent form of subordination is brougiit about by the particle 

 ma' nix which indicates primarily a temporal relation. 



ma'nix aqi^E'lgslax %ke'utan when someone sees (it) a horse 198.1 

 ma'nix Lfe'mama, mitElo'ta when they come, give it to them 66.22 

 m.ixEnLkld'yogo ime'tuk ma'nix aqEmo'lEktca bend your neck when 



some one will roast you 107.21 (mi- you him; -xsn reflexive; 



-Ll'Llik to bend, plural -hklayuk; i-tuk neck; -IsJctc to roast) 



The conditional conjunctions are closely connected with the demon- 

 strative pronoun. The forms qe, qea, qid'x occur, which perhaps 

 express nearness and absence. When a statement contrary to 

 fact is to be expressed, the particle pos is used. 



qe nekctx mai'Jcxa ime'q.'atxala, poc nelcct e'lca atci'lxax if it had 

 not been for your badness, he would not have done so to us 

 139.19 (we^T^ not; mai'kxa thou; i-q.'atxalah-adness; e'J<-a thus; 

 tc- he; -Ix us; -a directive; -x to do) 

 qia ndkct qax d^d'kuil, poc ndkct aqid'iva^ if it had not been for 

 that woman, he would not have been killed 64.5 (qax that, 

 feminine; d^o'Jcuil woman; qi- somebody him; -a- directive; 

 -wa^ to kill) 

 t.'ayd' qia' mkL.'e'mEn good, if you dive 12.12 

 qid'x qlod'p ile'e tcx'% pos amLo'lxam aLgio'cgam when you were 

 near the land you should have said to it to take it 44.2 (q!od'p 

 near; ile'e land; tcx'l then; amh- you it; -d- directive; -Ixam 

 to say; aLgi- it him; -o- directive; -cgam to take) 

 qid'x itcd'yan, tcx'i mid'xo if it is a snake, then you shall eat it 

 194.2 

 The interrogative is expressed by the particle na, which, however, 

 is not used when there is an interrogative pronoun or adverb. 



tsnld'xo-ix na tgE'eltgeu? are (they) known to me my slaves? 



117.10 

 nekct na tne'txixf do I not know it? 66.2 

 e'Jctazx Lgid'xof what will he eat? 22.20 (e'kta what; -lx may be; 



Lgi- it him [masc. object corresponding to e'kta]) 

 qd'xewa d'LO? where did they go? 23.14 

 La'kstax'ix'o'ha? who is that? 73.14 

 The imperative differs from other verbal forms in that it has no 

 directive prefix. The imperative of the transitive .verb has no subject 

 of the second person. (See §§ 22,26). 



§ 56, Post- positions itt Wishratu (by Edward Sapir) 



Wishram, differing markedly in this respect from Lower Chinook, 

 makes rather considerable use of a series of post-positive particles 

 §56 



