654 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Less frequently ngi may precede. Examples are — 



xa'u xau galxu'x ng' ilkcE'n they comibed. themselves with the 



haml 78.10 

 ayalc.'a'Iamat ngi wa'nux his pipe (was) made out of a stomach 

 94.9 

 a'niEiii MADE OUT of, less frequently with. It is perhaps 

 the Yakima -nmi. Examples are — 



sa'q^ itkla'laTnat a'rriEni akilxax it is entirely out of stones 82.13 

 isli.'u'ly' amETii isga'lc.'aps aqsu'xwa a hat is made out of coyote 



182.7 ■ 

 alklwa'dit aniEni aqiu'xwa it is made of tule 182.9 

 itq.'u'tc' a'mEni Ise'xUex gaqtu'x itkla'munaq they split trees by 



means of antlers 182.14 



6. -pt UP TO is used to form adverbs out of demonstrative stems: 



da'pt UP TO here; kwopt up to there, then, enough; ya'xpt 

 UP to yonder. Probably etymologically identical with this 

 element is -J}Et, frequently added to verbs or other words in 

 the predicate to form temporal clauses. Examples are — 



gatclE'mquit Iqa'wulqt gagiula'dahit he spit blood when she threw 



him down 14.11 

 galiHa'tcli'pEt p.'a'la igi'xox when he had come uj) out of the 



water, he stopped 22.18 

 lE'p(h)Et alxu'xiva anigElgd'ya when he dives, I shall take hold 



of it 18.20 

 Tikla'ckacbEt when I was a boy 188.8 



aga'lax alaxu'xwa yaxtadi'wi gali'xux galxd'qhst the weather will 

 be as it was when they came together 130.27 

 When rhetorically lengthened to -hd't, this post-position has a gen- 

 eral cumulative significance; with verbs it is best translated as many 

 AS. Examples are — 



gwE'nEmabd'd ilgwo'mEX antk '.wa'lalaqwida I shall be absent as 

 much as five days 122.12 



hwo'pt natcdupn Euayabd't that many (ropes) as he had appor- 

 tioned 188.6 ' 



qxa'ntcipt alklxa'tgway' atclulxamahd't he piles up as many as he 

 tells him to 186.19 



7. diwi (emphatic dd'wi) like. This element is very likely of 



demonstrative origin, and so does not perhaps belong here. 



It is freely used, however, as a post-position, and so may be 



included. Examples are — 



ick.'.a'li diwi datdi'p striped like a basket 166.2 



iya'lqx ilgwa'lilx diwi his body (was) like a person's 166.17 



naiJca dd'wi itCE'lgulit exactly like my appearance 104.10 



§56 



