676 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



gaqiu'lxam^^* isklu'lya: "Ya'xdau*^^ itc!E'x3"an yago'mEni}.'' Aga 



they (indef.) told Coyote: "That Merman his heart." Now 



him 



kwo'pt Lqlo'p*^'' gatci'ux;*^'^ Lqlo'p*^" gali'xox*^^ itclE'xyan yago'iiiEnil. 



then cut he made it; cut it made itself Merman his heart. 



Aga kwo'pt ka'nawi gatkxEni'yutck** sa'q"*^ akni'm kwo'dau*^ 



Now then all they each floated up out entirely the canoes and 



of water 



idE'lxam kwo'dau isklu'lya. 



the people and Coyote. 



Aga kwo'pt gali'kim" isklu'lya: "Lga*^ pu*'' qa'aia^" ma'ima^^ 



Now then he said Coyote: " Perchance would how you alone 



itclE'xyan qxi'dau^^ amdu'xwa^^ idE'lxam? Da'uya^* wi'gwa^'' aga 



Merman thus you will do to them the people? This day now 



object of ordinarily trans, verb, and verb stem -i to do (cf. F.ng. he dojjs well, i. c., gets along well); 

 -a- would then have to be explained as inorganic glide vowel (cf. Chinook i-ke'-x he is and Wishram 

 i-ki'-x-ax HE IS, HAS become). For syntactic construction, as subordinated to gatcigE'lkEl, see note 11. 



<3a ga- as in note 4. -q- = indef. tr. subj. (cf. note 29). -i- = 3d per. masc. tr. obj., referring to isk.'u'lya. 

 -u- = directive prefix, -ham = verb stem to say to with personal object. This verb form is logically 

 passive. 



43b Demonstrative pronoun, showing location near 2d person, composed of simple form of independent 

 3d personal pronoun + demonstrative element -x- (cf. also ordinary forms of independent 3d personal 

 pronoun ya'x-ka and similarly for other genders) + demonstrative stem -dau (= -da + -u), for which see 

 note 54. SjTitactically ya'xdau, here used substantively, agrees in gender with yago'mEnil, to which it 

 refers. There is no expressed predicate in this sentence, yagd'menil (it is) his heart being so used. 



"c Particle verb, to which following verbs gatci'ux and gali'xox, both from verb stem -i to do, serve 

 as auxiliaries. Lq.'op doubtless has onomatopoetic force. 



"d See note 64. 



«e As in note 28. cut it-made-itself = it became cut. 



■<< ga- as in note 4. -t- = 3d per. pi. intr. sulij., referring to akni'm, idE'lxam, and isk.'u'lya as combined 

 plural suljject. -k- = regular replacement of directive -u- whenever intr. subj. -t- would theoretically be 

 expected to stand before it. -i^nj- (or -imwj-) = verb stem to float, drift. -yM-= distributive suffix 

 EACH separately (gatkiEni'tck would mean they floated up in one body), -tck = local verb suffix 

 UP to surface, up from position of rest (cf. also gal-i-x-lE'-tck he moved himself up from sitting 

 position, he arose [Wishram Texts 4.6]; gal-i'-kta-tck he rose (sticking his head) out of water 

 [op.cit., lO.r)]); combined with -6a out of interior, -tck appears as -ptck from water out to land 

 (gatkxEni'yuptck they each floated on to land; for change of -ba to -p cf. galags'lba with lagE'lpi 

 [Wishram Texts 94.7]). This -tck should be distinguished from -tck of cessative significance, whose 

 function it is to deprive verbs that are continuative or frequentative in form of their continuative 

 force (e. g., yuwi'lal he is dancing, gayuwi'lalEmtck he was dancing (but is no longer doing so). 



« Adverbial in force. Logically sa'qu (rhetorically lengthened to sd'qu to emphasize idea of totality) 

 often seems to be used attributively with nouns (translated as all), but grammatically it is best con- 

 sidered as adverbial, even when there is no expressed predicate. 



« Composed of demonstrative stems kwo- (see note 3) and dau- (see note 54). Its original significance 

 was evidently that (which precedes) and this (which follows). 



" gal-i- as in note 32. -kim = verb stem to say (without personal object; cf. note 58). 



« Adverb of modal significance, serving to give doubtful coloring to verb. 



« Adverb of potential and conditional significance; in formal conditions introduced by cma'nix if, it 

 often has contrary-to-fact implication. This use of modal particles in lieu of verb modes is characteristic 

 of Chinookan. 



50 Evidently contains interrogative stem qa- what, seen also in qxa'damt (note 14). -ma can not be 

 explained. This word has been found only in such passages as here, and is very likely felt to be archaic. 

 Iga pu qama occurs as stereotyped myth-phrase in transformed incidents (cf. Wishram Texts 6.13, 

 38. 6, for similar passages). 



&> Forms in -aima alone may ):>e formed from simplest forms of personal pronouns (subject intr. 

 incorporated); e. g., na'ima i alone, ma'ima you alone, ya'ima he alone. It is doubtful, however, 

 whether these forms should be considered as intransitive verbs from verb stem -aima. Since personal 

 plurals in -dike (e. g., la'imadikc they alone) occur, it seems preferable to consider them as formed by 

 suffixed -ma alone? (cf. qa'ma note 50) from independent pronoim stems in -ai- (as in na'ika, note 57, 

 and na'it.'a, note 21); this -ai- is in these fonns found also in 3d persons (e. g., la'ima it alone, as con- 

 trasted with la'ika and la'it.'a). Chinook nd'mka i alone, analyzed by Boas as intr. subj. pronoun + 

 verb stem -amka, is probably best explained as simple independent pronoun in -a- {na, ma, and corre- 



