boas] handbook of AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 6YY 



kwa'pt^*"' qxi'dau amdu'xwa idE'lxam. Ma'ika" isklu'lya j^amu'lxam.^^ 



ttiat far thus you will do to the people. I Coyote I have told you. 



them 



Kwalc'^" da'uyaba"" wi'lx atgadi'mama" idE'lxam. Kwo'pt 



Soon in this land they will arrive coming the people. Then 



alugwagi'ma,*"'^ 'Qxi'dau ^ex"^ gatci'ux*'* isklu'lya itclE'xyan.' 



they will say, 'Thus exercising he did to him Coyote Merman.' 



supernatural 

 power 



Kwo'pt a'ga itclE'xyan pla'!'"^ amxu'xwa.""" 



Then now Merman being quiet you will make yourself." 



spending forms for other persons occur not rarely in Wishram) + -m{a) + -Jca just, only (cf. lu'nka just 



THREE). 



52 Adverb composed of relative particle gii- (cf. gii as relative pronoun in Wishram Texts, 188.1) and 

 demonstrative stem dau- this (cf. note 54). qxi'dau thus means literally as, like this. 



53 a- = tense prefix of future time, -m- = 2d per. sing. tr. subj. -d- = 3d per. pi. tr. obj., referring 

 to idE'lxam. -u- = directive prefix, -i- = verl) stem to do (to), -w- = inorganic consonant induced 

 by -u- preceding k- sound, -a = future suffix. 



M Demonstrative pronoun, showing location near 1st person, composed of demonstrative stem dau- 

 (= da-, as in do'6a here + -m-, see note 19) and simple form of 3d per. independent pronoun in -a (masc. 

 ya, fern, a, neut. la, du. cda, pi. da). Forms without -u- (e. g., da'ya) occur, though much less frequently; 

 deictic -t may be added without material change in meaning (e. g., da'uyai or da'yax). -dau also occurs 

 as second element in demonstrative pronouns showing location near 2d person (e. g., ya'xdau that masc, 

 note 43b). da'uya is here masculine because in agreement with masc. noun if i'^wa. Chinook seems to 

 preserve da- only in isolated adverbs like ta'ks then (= da'ka just this or that [cf. Wishram da'uka 



JUST so]). 



55 wi- = masc. noun prefix, with w- because noun stem is monosyllabic, -giva = noun stem day. 

 da'uya ivi'gwa this day is regularly used as stereotyped phrase for to-day; dau' aga'lax this sun is 

 also so used. 



50 Analysis given in note 3. Here kwo'pt, with, well-marked stress accent, preserves its literal moaning 

 of that far, thus much, aga kwo'pt being regularly used, outside of narrative, to mean enough. ( hi- 

 nook kapc't enough is doubtless related, but ka- can not be directly equated with kwo-, which corre- 

 sponds rather to Chinook go (see note 3). 



5' Ordinary form of independent personal pronoun, composed of stems in -ai- (for 1st and 2d persons) or 

 -a-x- (for .3d persons) and suflSxed particle -ka just, only, found also suffixed to numerals, na'ika is here 

 grammatically unnecessary, but is used to emphasize subject of following verb form. 



58 = iyamu'liavi. i- = tense prefix of immediate past time, -yam- = combination of 1st per. sing. subj. 

 and 2d per. sing. obj. -u- = directive prefix. -Ixam = verb stem to say to with expressed personal object. 



59 Temporal adverb referring to action just past or about to occur, either just now, recently, or soon. 

 Seems to be Klickitat loan-word. 



60 (fa'ttya as in note .54; masc. because in agreement with masc. noun will, -ha = local noun suffix in 

 regularly suffixed to demonstrative pronoun preceding noun instead of to noun itself. 



6' a- as in note 53. -t- = 3d per. pi. intr. subj., referring to idE'lxam. -ga- = element regularly intro- 

 duced after 3d per. pi. intr. -t- before -d-i- to come and, before verb stems beginning with k- soimds, 

 after 3d per. pi. intr. -u- (cf. note 62). -d-i- to come consists of-d- = directive prefix hither, toward 

 speaker, correlative to directive -u-, and -i- = verb stem to go. -mam- = form of -am- (see notes 8 and 

 32) used after vowels, -a as in note 53. 



<!- al- = tense prefix of future time employed tjefore vowels {al- and a- used analogously to gal- and ga-). 

 -w- = 3d per. pi. intr. subj. used, instead of -t-, before verb stems beginning with k- sounds (as here 

 -gim-). -gwa- = -ga- as in note 61, -w- being inorganic, due to influence of -u- preceding fc- sound (cf. 

 note 53). -gim- = verb stem to say; -kim (as in note 47) is used when accent immediately precedes, -gim- 

 when suffix (here -o) is added and accent is pushed forward, -a as in note 53. In Chinook -ugwa- appears 

 as -ago- (gwa regularly becomes go); alugwagi'ma is paralleled in Chinook by ogogoe'ma. 



M Particle verb to use supernatural power, transform, to which following gatci'ux serves as aux- 

 iliary. It is one of those very few Wishram words in which glottal catch is found (other words are -tci^ 

 OR, ^i'c^ic BLUEJAY, dala'a'x perhaps). 



M ga- as in note 4. -tc- = 3d per. masc. tr. subj., referring to isklu'lya. -i- = 3d per. masc. tr. obj., referring 

 to itc.'E'xyan. Observe that subject noun regularly precedes object noun, their order being thus analogous 

 to that of incorporated pronouns with which they stand in apposition, -u- = directive prefix, -i = verb 

 stem TO DO (TO). 



* = p.'a'la. Particle verb, with which following amxu'xwa is used as auxiliary. p!a'V amxu'xwa quiet 

 YOU-wiLL-BECOME (i. e., you will stop, desist). 



66 a- as in note .53. -m- = 2d per. sing. obj. with following reflexive element (see -i- in notes 9 and 28). 

 -X- as in note 28. -u-x-w-a as in note 53. 



