r.oAs] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 693 



4. J*rivcitives. These are used only in connection with the 

 suffix -pe(m), the various uses of which will be found discussed in § 22, 

 There are three suffixes indicating privation, and each is added 

 directly to the stem, and is followed by the suffix -pe{m); as, 



hu']c-7n,ul-pe(m) tailless {hu'ku tail) 



lii'n-kol-pe{jn) eyeless (hi'nl eye) 



pai' -wvi-pe{m) foot-less {pai, paiyi' foot) 



The last of these suffixes, -wll, is simply the stem of the negative win 

 NO. The stem -Jcol- also appears in the word Ico'lon none. 



5. The suffix -doko is used to express the idea of only a, 

 MERELY, etc. It is generally added directly to the stem, but occa- 

 sionally requires the connective m; as, 



ono'-doko merely a head tsaka' -m-ddko only pitch 



Verbal Composition (§§ 9-27) 



§ 9. CHARACTERISTICS OF VERBAL COMPOSITION 



In verbal composition we have to deal with three component fac- 

 tors — prefixes, stems, and suffixes. As a class, the prefixes are not 

 numerous; whereas the suffixes, at least in comparison, are abundant, 

 there being between fifty and sixty of them in use. Nearly all the 

 prefixes are composed of consonant and vowel, or a single vowel. 

 The suffixes, however, are not so regular. 



PREFIXES (§§ 10-14) 

 § 10. Groups of Prefixes 



Verbal prefixes may in the first place be divided into two types, 

 according as they are or are not arranged in series, as stated in § 4. 

 As pointed out in § 5, prefixes are also of two diiTerent types, accord- 

 ing as they are whoUy subordinated to the stem, or co-ordinate with it, 

 and able sometimes to appear as stems themselves. About half the 

 prefixes are of this latter class, although it is possible that many not as 

 yet noted as of this type may eventually be found to belong to it. In 

 the majority of cases the prefix indicates the agent by which the 

 action is performed. In a limited number of instances, however, the 

 prefix appears to point out the object of the action; as, for example, 

 the prefix te-, which normally indicates actions done with the foot, 

 may in some cases refer to actions done to the foot. Classified 



§§9,10 



