696 BFREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



hd'-tul-to-dom breaking a window with a stone 



hu'-dut-min to force a stone into the ground by stepping on it 

 (h) Examples illustrating change of vowel in prefix only: 



ha'-pol-don to dig up something rounded, as potato 



ho-po'l-don to wash or dig a gopher out of a hole 



ha' -top-to to break small stick with fist 



ho'-top-Mn to break stick with stone, throwing it downward 

 (c) Examples illustrating change of vowel in both prefix and stem: 



ha'-lcap-l^in to force a peg into the ground by pressing 



ho' -Tcop-lcin to stick needle in floor 



hd'-l^dp-Mn to force a stake into the ground 



ha'-yal-dau to split or break to pieces with wedge and hammer 



ho-yo'l-Mn to smash a cup with a stone 



ho-yo'l-Mn to split or break up fine by a blow 

 In the first examples in this last group, there seems to be a depar- 

 ture from the otherwise general meaning of something rounded 

 or bulky. As these variations from the general meaning 

 occur, however, only with three stems (k-p, l-p, and Ti-p) which 

 always seem to carry with them the idea of something long 

 and slender, the prefix in these cases would seem to refer to the 

 massiveness of the whole upper part of the body by which the 

 pressure was exerted, or something of that sort. There are, 

 however, a number of forms like the following, where the 

 meaning of the prefix is obscure: 



ha'-ta-don to drive up cattle 



ha-tsa' p-sito to pierce sheet of paper with a pencil 



ho-toi'-sito to pierce sheet of paper with a pencil 



11. Ao-, Jt H- actions performed with the edge of a long thing, gener- 



ally by a steady, continuous motion (hu- also as stem). 

 Tio-yd't-ddu-dom taking off a fine shaving with knife 

 Jiu'-haJc-dau to cut off a piece of bark, sole off shoe 

 hu-de'k-to-dom piercing with sharp knife 

 Jiu-no't-Mn to bend down by means of a stick used as lever 

 Jiu-tu'l-to to break pane of glass by pressing with a stick 

 As stem, liu- seems to have a very general meaning. 

 Tiu'-mit-dom taking something into the house 

 Jiu'-sito to take a horse across river 

 hu'-tso-pin to take something off a high shelf 



12. si-f su- actions performed with the end of a long thing. 

 sl'-daJc-dau to scrape out a basket 



su'-daJc-dau to poke away with a stick 

 si-Ice' -yo-dom drying meat (cutting it in slices ?) 

 §12 



