712 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



above examples, the subjective and objective forms of the pronoun 

 in the first and second persons singular are, respectively, m, niTc 

 and ml, min. In the dialect here presented the independent sub- 

 jective forms of the pronouns above mentioned are somewhat rarely 

 used, the subject being, as a rule, expressed by the suffixed form 

 instead. That the -m used is really a subjective and not an agentive 

 case is shown by the fact of its universal employment with intran- 

 sitive as well as with transitive verbs. 



The possessive relation is shown analogously to the subjective 

 by a case suffix -Jci. In this instance there is no irregularity, and 

 all nouns and all forms of the independent pronoun alike take the 

 suffix: 



sw'H huku' dog's tail 



moim mai'dumbomolci I'tusyo those people's roast 



niki Tiobo' my house 



mi'nki sil has vjo'ndtias I have killed your dog 



nisd'lci kd'do our country 

 The suffix is added always to the objective form of the noun 

 or pronoun (i. e., the simple stem), and, at least in this dialect, 

 is with few exceptions -hi. In the case of the interrogative form 

 WHOSE, however, we find simply -k; as, 



Jiomo'niJc sum makd'de whose dog is this ? * 

 This possessive suffix may in some cases be added after a pre- 

 vious locative, as in the form 



sd' -vjono-na-ki from-behind-the-fire's; i. e., belonging to the one 

 who comes from behind the fire 



§ 30. Locative and Instrumental SuflB.xes 



In Maidu, locative and instrumental ideas are expressed by reg- 

 ular suffixes, continuing logically the indication of real syntactic 

 relations by the same means. The development of these locative 

 and instrumental suffixes in Maidu is not very great, there being 

 but three locatives, an instrumental, and a comitative. The fol- 

 lowing examples will illustrate the use of these different forms: 

 -di general locative, in, on, at. 



mo'mdi in the water 



hete'itodi in the olden time 



iln the northwestern dialect the possessive is the same as here; but in the southern form there seems 

 to be a distinct tendency to its partial or complete abandonment. It there frequently becomes reduced 

 to -k, and in the most southerly of all the dialects seems to disappear completely, the subjective form of 

 noun or pronoun being used instead. 



§30 



