720 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Nominal stems proper may be divided into three groups: 



(1) Monosyllabic. 



(2) Polysyllabic, duplicated or reduplicated. 



(3) Polysyllabic, without reduplication. 



1. Monosyllabic stems are not very numerous, but as a class 

 include some of the most common noims. The}- may be grouped 

 under several heads : 



RELATIONSHIl' TERMS ANIMALS, PLANTS, PARTS OP BODY 



son te dog sii 



daughter po - hand md 



younger sister Ic.'a flower yd 



mother ne bush do 



grandson ye willow pa 



feathers ye 



MISCELLANEOUS 



fire sd stone o 



salt hd road ho 



cloud yd raft no 



snow ho mortar-stone d 



2. Duplicated and reduplicated stems are also not very numerous, 

 and refer chiefly to parts of the body and to animals and birds. 



DUPLICATED REDUPLICATED 



crow d d yellow-hammer wolo'loTco 



eagle Icd'hd robin tsi'statatko 



quail yu^yu fly eme'lulu 



nest tu'tu, shoulder dd'daka 



rib tsi'tsi star lulu' 



breast nd'na egg pa'lcpaka 



ankle po'lopolo cotton wood wili'li 



grass popo' smoke hole olo'loTco 



yellow pine hoho' thunder witu'mtumi 



twig toto 

 Onomatopoeia seems to be but little in force in Maidu, being not 

 particularly apparent in these duplicated and reduplicated animal and 

 bird names, where, in other languages, it frequently plays a very 

 important part. 



3. Polysyllabic unreduplicated stems, in the case of nouns, form 

 probably a majority of the total number of nominal stems. Although 

 a considerable number of polysyllabic nominal stems are quite clearly 

 descriptive, and hence analyzable into simpler stems, a large majority 

 have so far resisted analysis and must be considered stems. The 

 following are examples of such apparently unanalyzable stem-nouns: 



§40 



