lioAs] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 723 



The numeral adverbs are formed by the suffix -nini; as, su'tenini 

 ONCE, pene'nini twice, etc. Distributives are formed by redupHcat- 

 ing the final syllable; as, su'titi one each, ye'nene two each, etc. 



§ 41. Stems Taking Verbal Suffixes 



Verbal stems may be divided into two groups, according as to 

 whether they are treated always as stems pure and simple, or are 

 sometimes used in connection with other stems, modifying these 

 and serving as prefixes. 



Stems of the first type are predominantly composed of consonant- 

 vowel-consonant. Many occur in pairs or groups, with similar or 

 nearly similar meaning, but with variable vowel; whereas a few 

 pairs show not a variable vowel, but a variable consonant. Besides 

 these tri-literal stems there are a number of bi-literal and uni-literal 

 forms and a few as yet unanalyzable dissyllabic stems. The follow- 

 ing list shows the tri-literal stems which have at present been deter- 

 mined, and indicates both the systematic character of these stems 

 and also the pairing or grouping spoken of above. In some cases 

 the meaning of the stem is yet uncertain, owing to the small num- 

 ber of instances in which it occurs. Tri-literal stems, as a rule, 

 take modifying stems or true prefixes before them. 



-7>«^- to detach a flat thing; -Je^'-(?); -hdh-{'i) 



-bal- to mark, paint 



-has- to sweep(?); -hU- to live, stay; husil) 



-hat- to break ; -hot- to break 



-dak- to detach a flat thing; -dek- to make hole 



-dam- to give 



-dip- to slide 



-dis- to slide 



-das- to split 



~dat-{V)\ -(7o?;- to overturn ; -dut-{'i) 



-hak- to tear; -liuk- to whistle (?) 



-hal- to lie, cheat; -hid-{1) 



-hap- to move with friction; -hop- to move with friction ; -hop- to 



stretch ; -hup- (?) 

 -has- to slide; -hes- to scratch; -his- to make basket; -hos- to 



scare (?) -hus-{V) 

 -kal- (?); -kel- to perforate; -kol- to bore(?); -kol- to roll; -kxd-{%) 

 -hap- to move with friction (?); -hop)- to move with friction (?); 



-I'oX?) 



-kes-il) 



-kat- to strike; -ket- to graze; -kot- to divide; -kut- to divide 



-lak-^l)^ -lek-{'i)'^ -Zc^-(?); -^d/^- to creep; -Ink- io cvQ&p 



§41 



