744 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



h a bilabial stop with almost the value of a sonant ; it diflfers from 



p in being dull and having less stress. The lips close and are 



momentarily sustained, as if for a sonant, but break the stop 



with a breath: wd'hAU^ morning light, 

 'p like p, but with the difference of having first to expel a puff of 



breath before coming to complete closure: d'^pydtc* when he 



came. 

 y like the voiced spirant y in you, yes. It is uttered without stress: 



wd'tciyd^ni w^hence I came. 

 w bilabial liquid like the English w in war, water: wawl'gewd^g^ at 



their dwelling-place. 



Vowels 



u like the vowel-sound in words like loon, yule, you, and clue. It is 



long and slightly rounded ; the ridge of the tongue is high and 



back, and the lips and teeth have a thin opening: u'wiyd'''^ 



somebody. 

 u like the li-sound in full and hoolc. The vowel is short, open, and 



faintly rounded. It is the short of u: pyd'tusd^w'^ he comes 



walking, 

 o like in words like no, slope, rose. The vowel is long and slightly 



less rounded than u; the ridge of the tongue is not so high and 



not so far back as for u: d'mow^ honey. 

 like o in fellow and hotel. It is the short sound of o: notd'gosi'wa 



he is heard. 

 a like the short vowel-sound in words like not, plot, what. The 



vowel suffers further shortening in final syllables ; it is uttered 



with the ridge of the tongue drawn back; the lips are passive: 



naliusd^'w"' he can walk. 

 A like the vowel-sound in sun, hut; it is short, dull, unrounded, and 



made with the ridge of the tongue slightly lifted along the 



front and back: mA'n^ this. 

 d as in the broad vowel-sound of words like all, wall, law, awe. The 



ridge of the tongue is low, and pulled back almost to the 



uvula; the lips make a faint attempt to round: wd'hAmdn* 



mirror. 

 a like a m. father, alms. The tongue lies low, back, and passive; the 



lips open listlessly and only slightly apart : mdhAn^ these. 

 §3 



