762 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



are expressed by distinct forms, the second of which is related to 

 the second person. In the third person a variety of forms occur by 

 means of which the introduction of a new subject, and identity of 

 subject and of possessor of object (Latin suus and ejus), are distin- 

 guished. 



The pronouns, subject and object, as they appear in transitive 

 verbs, are expressed by single forms, which it is difficult to relate to 

 the singular pronominal forms of the intransitive verb. 



While tense is very slightly developed, the pronominal forms of 

 different modes seem to be derived from entirely different sources 

 in declarative, subjunctive, and potential forms of sentences. The 

 discussion of these forms presents one of the most strildng features of 

 the Algonquian languages. 



In the participial forms, the verbal stem is modified by change of 

 its vowel. 



Ideas of repetition, duration, distribution, are expressed by means 

 of reduplication. 



A number of formative affixes convey certain notions of manner, 

 as — 



-tug'' in pyd'tug'' he probably came, which conveys the notion 



of doubt or uncertainty; while -ape^ in pyd'wdpe^ he is in 



THE habit of coming, cxpresses the frequency or repetition 



of an act 



Formatives are also instrumental, not merely in the formation of 



nouns, but in giving to the nouns they form the quality ol distinctive 



designation . Thus : 



-mina in A'dd-mi^n'^ corn denotes fruit, grain, berry; and 

 -gani in pd' skesig a' n^ gun (literally, exploder) is expressive of 

 tool, implement, instrument 



DISCUSSION OF GRAMMAR (§§ 15-54) 



Compositioii (§§ 15-24) 



Verbal Composition (§§ 10-21) 



§ 15. TYPES OF STEMS 



The verbs and nouns of the Fox language are almost throughout 

 composed of a number of stems, the syntactic value of the complex 

 being determined by a number of prefixes and suffixes. Setting aside 



§ 15 



