Y94 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



on the nature of the ideas expressed by the stems. It makes possible 

 a further division of stems into secondary stems of the first order and 

 secondary stems of the second order. 



Secondary stems of the second class always stand nearest to the 

 terminal pronominal signs : -usd- in wd' pusa'w"' he begins to walk is 

 a secondary stem of the second class. Some secondary stems of the 

 first class, however, can occupy the same place, but only when a 

 secondary stem of the second class is absent: Ica' gdriA' getu'nw"' he 

 has a small mouth contains two secondary stems of the first class — 

 one is -UAg-, which expresses the notion of cavity ; the other is -tun-, 

 which refers to the idea of space round about a cavity, and is a term 

 applied to the lips and mouth. A further division of secondary 

 stems of the first class might be suggested, in which -nAg- would 

 represent one class, and -fun- the other: -nAg- belongs to a more sta- 

 tionary type, which always stands next to initial stems when there are 

 other secondary stems in composition; and -fun- belongs to a more 

 mobile kind. The latter type is frequent in nominal form: u'ton^ 

 MOUTH (literally, his mouth). In Mwe'sl'wdjn/d^w^ he is drunk 

 are illustrated two types of secondary stems: Mwe- is an initial stem 

 meaning indefinite movement anywhere; -skwd- is a secondary stem 

 of the first class, denoting the neck and back of the head ; and -'pyd- 

 is a secondary stem of the second class, expressive of a subtle, attribu- 

 tive condition, [-pyd- belongs rather to the secondary nominal stems 

 (§ 23); -skwd- apparently cognate with -lewd- {§ 18), But why can 

 not -skwd- correspond to -nAg-, and -pyd- to -tun- ? At any rate, this 

 does not affect the statement made at the end of § 19. — T. M.] 

 A fuller and more correct rendering of the combination would be 

 something like he is in a state of aimless movement in the 



REGION ABOUT THE NECK AND HEAD. 



§ 18. Secondary Stems of the First Order 



'Ctkw- relates in a general way to matter at rest and in the form of 

 linear dimension, together with an uncertain implication as to 

 its state of hardness. The term is of frequent use, an example 

 of which comes out in the notion of wood, tree, forest. 



'peTcwsL^'kvfdwi'w^ it is a place of clumps of trees 

 'P%gw2i"^wdwi'w^ a grove stands dense in the distance 

 pa^a"kwia^7Tu;'^ he bumped against a tree, post, bar {pdg- same 

 as^^^[§ 14]; -cm-[§ 20]) 

 §18 



