802 BUEEAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



7l^$r^'gapa^^y" he came to a standstill {nAgi [§ 16]) 

 poni'ga.-psi^w'^ he ceased standing (poni- [§ 16]) 

 tcdgdnAgigSipsiwdtc'^ all came to a standing halt (tcdgi riAgi- [§ 16]) 

 %ndnAgika.Y>^'wdtc^ and then they came to a standing halt 50.17 

 (-Tcdpd- for -gdpd- [see § 3]) 



[To prove that any given stem is one of the second class of the 

 second order, from the definition laid down in § 17, one must 

 find it after a stem of the first class of the second order. 

 Now, it will be noticed that not one of the stems given in this 

 section as belonging to the second class of the second order 

 in point of fact is found after a secondary stem of the first 

 class; or, at any rate, no example of one has thus far been 

 pointed out. Accordingly, it follows that at present there is 

 no reason why the so-called second class of the second order 

 should not be relegated to oblivion and the entire body merged 

 with the stems of the first class of the second order. The 

 proposed division of stems of the first class of the second 

 order into two subdivisions strikes me as sound in principle ; 

 but too few secondary stems have been thus far pointed out 

 to make this division feasible at present. 



The following remarks were written subsequent to the preceding 

 comments. As it is admitted in § 14 as well as in § 17 that two 

 secondary stems of the first class can occur in combination, 

 there is no reason why takAmisaw^ (under -I^atu- § 18) should 

 not also fall into this class (-l^Am- + -isd-) . It should be noted 

 especially that ta- is initial : see § 17 and mynote in § 14. — T.IVI.] 



§ 20. Secondary Co-ordinative Stems 



There is yet another class of stems that occupy a place just pre- 

 ceding the terminal suffixed pronouns. They serve a double office, — 

 one as co-ordinatives between preceding stems of a purely verbal 

 nature, and following pronominal elements; the other as verbals 

 signifying intransitive notions of existence, being, state, condition. 

 Some express the notion feebly, others do it with more certainty. 

 Many stand in an intimate relation with the subjective terminal 

 pronouns, in a relation of concord, and one so close that they take 

 on different forms; some to agree with the animate, others with the 

 inanimate. Their nature and type are shown in the examples. 

 1. -cm- animate; -se«i- inanimate. 



-cin- is an animate term with much variety of use. Its essential 

 meaning is change from motion to rest. The length of 



§ 20 



