806 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [boll. 40 



-d-, shown a little way back as an equivalent of the animate 

 ~si-. Furthermore, it has a very common use of expressing 

 ideas of vague existence in space of such things as odor, fra- 

 grance, atmospheric states of the weather. 



jpeci'gwa\iWA^tw^ (tree, log, stick) is straight 



mi'cdgA\w^ it is fuzzy 



me'TiagWA^tw* it smells, stinks 



ml' cdtci' ydgw iCiw^ it is fragrant 



meVa'kwAH/w* it is a clear day or starry night (literally, it is a 

 state of immensity) 



negwd'na\iv^A'iw^ it is cloudy (more literally, a process of cover- 

 ing is going on above) 



jposd' na'\\\ A'iw^ clouds hang heavy, look angry (literally, a con- 

 dition of enlargement, expansion, is taking place overhead) 



{-i-). — The vowel i, in the forms -wi- and -Td-, is another element with 

 the office of a link auxiliary. It is a common characteristic 

 of i, in one or the other form, to increase or to retain the 

 quantity of the vowel in the preceding syllable. It frequently 

 lends emphasis to the meaning of a whole combination. 



Mwdte' s%\u'w'^ he is so lonely (for Mwdte beside Mwdtci, cf. i^yiit^ 



beside 'pydtci [pyd- § 16]; -sl- = -si-, above) 

 SAnAf/e'slhVw'^ he is positively unyielding, incorrigible 



The inanimate of the same is — 



Mwd'tcdhi^w^ the place is so lonely (-a- inanimate of -si-) 

 SAnAgA'tohVw^ it is certainly tough, formidable 



Some instances show that the use of i is not always in agreement 

 with the principle of strict pronominal concord; in other words, that 

 it is not a peculiarity of one or the other gender. 



7ne''tusdne'ni\iVw^'^ he is mortal, exists as a mortal 

 wdwdne/ sJcdhVw'^ he is bad, lives an evil life 

 me'Hosdne'nihVw^ it is in nature mortal 

 wdwdne'sTcdhVw^ it has the stamp of evil on it 



A common use of i conveys the idea of entrance into a state, or of 

 becoming a part of a condition. 



mA'netowi^w^ he takes on the essence of supernatural power, is 



supernatural power itself (personified) 

 ugi'mdwi^w'^ he becomes chief 

 mA'netowrw^ it is charged with, is possessed of, supernatural 



power; it becomes the supernatural power itself 

 ugi'mdwi'w^ it partakes of the nature of sovereignty 



§20 



