808 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



4. -p-f -pu-f or -pui~ denotes an act done with the mouth. 



SA'gipwd^w"' he bites him (i. e., he takes hold of him with the 



mouth [sAgi- § 16]; -aw« [§ 28]) 

 SAgi^puto'w^ he bit it (-to- "[§ 37]) 

 M' ciciku'ma pwd^w'^ he bites off his nose (klcki- cut; -Tium- nose 



[§18]; -aw«[§28]) 

 pd'tetu'naipwd^w^ he Icisses her (-tun- [§ 18]; -dw" [§ 28]) 



5. -C-, -cw-f or -sw- signifies an act done with something sharp. 



pe''tecd^w°^ he cuts himself accidentally (with a knife) 

 MsJcdno'wdcwd^w'^ he cut off the (animal's) tail 

 M'sJcecA^mw'^ he cut it off 

 Hslce'cdswd^w"' he cut off (another's) ear (-cd- ear [§ 18]) 



The association of the two ideas of something sharp, and some- 

 thing thin and film-like, affords an explanation of why c refers 

 not only to the ear, but also to the notion of the ear as an 

 instrument; usually, however, in an intransitive sense, 



pe'secsi^w" he listens (compare -cd- [§ 18 J) 



nand'tuQ.'^i'w'^ he asks questions (i. e., he seeks with the ear) 



6. -rn-f -t-. Farther back were shown a number of attributive ele- 



ments indicating activities with reference to one or the other 

 gender. The elements were preceded by certain consonants, 

 which had much to do with indicating the gender of what 

 followed. There is an analogous process in causal relations. 

 Certain consonants precede pronominal elements in much the 

 same way as the instrumental particles that have just been 

 shown. These consonants serve as intervocalics, and at the 

 same time point out the gender of what follows. A very 

 common consonant is m, which precedes incorporated ani- 

 mate pronominal elements in the objective case. It sometimes 

 means doing something with the voice, the act being done 

 with reference to an animate object. 



po'niind^w^ he stops talking to him (poni- [§16]) 

 tanwd'wdnid^w'^ he quarrels with him (literally, he engages in 



repeated noise with him ; for wdwd- compare examples under 



-cin-, -sen- [§ 20]) 

 JcA'sJcimd^w" he gains her by persuasion (JcAski- [§ 16]) 



Corresponding with m on the inanimate side is t or H, but the 



use appears there in a different sense. 

 §21 



