814 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



ml'tciwe^n^ food (m,i- or mlt- to eat, and so something to eat) 

 pA'gan^ hickory-nut (pAg- to hit, ahght [§ 14], and so something to 



drop and hit) 

 pl'tAnwa^n'^ quiver (pi- or pit- to put into [§ 16]; -An- receptacle, 



and so an object to contain something inside) 

 wd'hAmo^n^ mirror {wabA- to look at [same as wdpA-]; -m- [§ 21], 



and so something to look at) 



These few examples are perhaps enough to give an idea of noun- 

 structure. As in the verb, so in the noun, there is much the same 

 general character of vague implication in the component parts when 

 they stand alone. They offer no definite meaning by themselves : it 

 is only as they enter into combination that they convey specific 

 sense to the mind. The moment the}" fall into composition, they 

 acquire the force of precise statement, which they hold within defi- 

 nite limits. The method of procedure is to advance progressively 

 from one general notion to another, each qualifying the other, with 

 the result of a constant trend toward greater specialization. 



§ 25. Reduplication 



Reduplication is common, and occurs in the initial stem. Many 

 initial stems have more than one syllable; and, when reduplication 

 takes place, it may be with the first syllable only, or it may include 

 the syllable immediately following. This phase of the process can 

 be observed from the examples that are to be shown. In the exam- 

 ples the reduplicated syllable will appear in Roman type. The vowel 

 of the reduplication is often unlike the vowel of the syllable redupli- 

 cated. 



Reduplication expresses — 



1. Intensity of action. 



Tcagl'gdn o^w'^ he held the clan ceremony with great solemnity 

 td'iAgeskawa'w'^ he stamped him under foot (cf. § 21.3) 



2. Customary action. 



mdfmicdtesi'w"^ he always went well dressed {-si- [§ 20]) 

 wd'wl cdpena'w^ he is always hungry {-ca- allied to -cciwe-; see -si- 

 [§20]) 



3. Continuity of action. 



pe'pesJcutcdsM^w"^ it (animate) keeps shedding hair of the body 

 mayo'mayo^w" he kept on weeping 

 §25 



