834 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bdll. 40 



immediately precedes the final termination. An example is nlfi-kv- 

 netdwatiigw'' my arrow was carrying it away (from me) 80.19; 82. 

 8, 21; mpiku'^ netdwAtsigw^ my arrow was carrying it away (from 

 me) 80.8. The analysis of the last is n- my; m- suffix omitted (§ 45) ; 

 Ipi arrow; -Jcu''^ verily; ne — gw"- 1 am (§ 41) ; the -a- before the -gw°' is 

 the same objective incorporated third person pronoun met in §§ 28, 29 

 (e. g., dnesMc^ then he slew him) . The t after nf- is inserted accord- 

 ing to § 28 ; dwA- dwn- is an initial stem (§ 16) meaning to carry away ; 

 the following t seems to be a reflex of the inanimate subject (see § 21). 

 I may add, nlpi-k^ is merely a reduction of nipi-Jcu^ by stress (§ 6). — 

 T. M.] 



Use of the Possessed Noun of the Third Person as the Object of a Verb 



Ambiguity is likely to arise when a possessed noun of the third 

 person, like o'sATi'- his father, becomes the object of a verb. In a 

 sentence like ndwdw^ o'sAn^ he saw his father there are two possible 

 fathers: one is the father of the subject, and the other is the father 

 of somebody else. The sentence, however, implies but a single 

 father, but which one is meant is not made positive by any special 

 form. As the sentence stands, the reference is rather to the father 

 of the subject. But if the father of another be in mind, and there 

 be a desire to avoid ambiguity, then one of two methods is employed. 

 In the one the name of the son appears before the possessed noun, 

 the name ending with the sign of the objective: 



nd'wdw^ PdgwA'mwA^n' o'sAn' he saw Running-Wolf's father 



In the other, use is made of an incorporated dative construction. 



ndtA'mawd^w^ d'sAn\ the literal rendering of which is he saw it 

 FOR him his father; and the sense of which is he saw him 

 WHO WAS father TO ANOTHER. The vowcl A after t is an 

 inanimate pronominal element. It is objective, while a of 

 the penult is animate and in a dative relation, [nd- is an 

 initial stem, to see; -t- is an intervocalic (§ 8) ; -dw"- (§ 28). — 

 T. M.] 



The^ -Amaw- of ndt-Arasiwdw"' is identical with the -Ainaw- of 

 ^p'A'maww" UNTIE THIS FOR ME 312.12 {Api- UNTIE [§161; -^'^^ 

 [§31]); <z"^"2->i"Amawa^c* then he untied the thing and took it 

 OFF FROM HIM 312.13 {d — dtc^ [§ 29]) ; femutAmsiwinu shoot him for 

 ME 202.18; 204.9 (pemu- for pemwu- [§ 12]; -t- [§ 21]; -inu, a pro- 

 longation of -in" [§ 31]); slgah Aiasiwin pour it out for him (me?) 

 236.8 (-a- [§ 8]; -h- [§ 21]; -In for -m« [§ 31] by contraction [§ 10] and 

 stress [§6]). 



* From here to p. 838, addition by T. Michelson. 

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