BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 839 



'pdmiwa'sdskA^g^ one who passes by flashing a Hght 

 nd'wdw" pa?wiwasa'sA"^minitci^n' he saw him that went past 

 flashing a Hght 



The same ending with similar change occurs with an intransitive 

 participle, 



pd'wacVg^ one who shakes his (own) body while lying down 

 wd' 'pATna'w'^ 2^awacimi'nitci^n' he looked at him who lay shaking 

 his own body 



The other kind of participle is with the subject ending in -t"-. 

 The dropping of -f^ is common with the indefinite passive participle. 



TYil'nei^ one to whom he was given 



dhigutd Tnlne' metci^n^ and so he was told by the one to whom he 

 was given (-tn- [§ 21]; see also § 8) 



§ 3o. Syntactic Use of Modes and Tenses 



1. Future. — The future sometimes denotes expectation, desire, and 

 exhortation. 



mpy°' I hope to come 

 Tc%'py°' may you come 

 wipydw"' let him come 



2. Conjunctive.^Tense for the present and past is indicated by the 

 syllabic augment d-. If the conjunctive preserves its purely sub- 

 ordinate character, as when it stands in an indirect relation to an 

 idea previously expressed or to an independent statement, then the 

 augment d- is more likely to refer to an action as past. Thus: 



A^sJcAtc^ a,"pydtc^ in course of time he came (cf. 38.14) 

 ne'^fy"- h'^pydyA^n^ I came when you arrived 



But if the conjunctive departs from its subordinate function, then 

 the syllabic d- may, according to context, refer to an occurrence as 

 past, or as extending up to, and as taking place during, the present. 

 This is the same indefinite tense of the independent verb. 



ane^pdyd^n^ I slept ; I am sleeping 

 kne'pdyA^n^ you slept; you are sleeping 

 k'nepdHd' he slept ; he sleeps 



It is to be observed that the translations are finite assertions, and 

 are in the indicative mode, as would be the case for an independent 

 verb of the same tense. They illustrate a peculiar use of the con- 



§35 



