BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 847 



keeps the normal form of the nominative; but if the action of the 

 verb be directed against the third person, then there is a change in 

 the form of the agent: -in is added to the nominative singular to 

 mark the singular agent, and 'i is added to the same to mark the 

 plural agent. Furthermore, if the object of the action be singular 

 and the agent plural, the form of the verb will be singular. If the 

 object of the action be plural, then the form of the verb will be 

 plural. A few examples will illustrate the use of the passive forms 

 with an animate agent. 



newd' pAine^gw"' ne'niw^ I am seen by the man 

 kewd' pAine^ gw'^ ne'niw^ thou art seen by the man 

 wa'pAme^gw"- ne^niwA\\^ he is seen by the man. [In this and the 

 next case, -w'^ is the pronominal termination; -g- the passive 

 sign; i. e., g-w'^, not -gu" (for gu + a), as in the first two exam- 

 ples.— T. M.] 

 waf'pATne^gw"' ne'niwa^''^ he is seen by the men 

 wdpA'mego^g^ ne'niwA^n^ they are seen by the man 

 wdpA'mego^g^ ne'niwsi'''^ they are seen by the men 



The same examples turned into the conjunctive mode would be — 

 dwdpAmegwAg^ ne'niw^ when I was seen by the man 

 dwdpAmegwAtc^ ne'niw^ when thou wert seen by the man 

 d'wdpAinegxi^tc^ ne'niwA^ni when he was seen by the man 

 d'wdpAmegu'tc^ ne'niwa^'^ when he was seen by the men 

 dwd' pAmegxvwa'tc^ ne'niwA'm. when they were seen by the man 

 dwd' pAmeguwd^tc^ ne'niw-d)'^ when they were seen by the men 



The Indefinite Passive 



There is an indefinite passive — indefinite in the sense that the agent 

 is referred to in an indefinite way. The forms of two modes will be 

 shown, — one of the indefinite tense of the independent mode, and 

 another of the same tense of the conjunctive mode. 



INDEFINITE PASSIVE INDEPENDENT MODE 



It is to be observed that some of the independent forms end with a 

 final -pi, which may have some relation with i'pi, a quotative with 



§ 41 



