860 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



cd'powd^w'^ he cries out, sending his voice through space 

 cd'pu'nigA'n^ a needle (that is, an instrument for piercing through 

 an obstacle with ease). This explanation is offered for the 

 reason that, in counting hurriedly from one to ten, an adverb 

 Tcwl'tc^ is given for ten. The adverb means the end, and Ca- 

 may possibly express the idea of an easy flow of the count 

 up to the adverb 'kwl'tc^, which marks the end of the series. 



Me'ddsw\ the word for ten, is in the form of an intransitive verb 

 of the third person singular inanimate. Its middle part -dds- may 

 be the same thing as Ias-, which signifies quantity, usually with the 

 notion of as many as, as much as. An explanation of initial ine- is 

 as yet impossible. [The element tAS- occurs always in the form tASwi-, 

 wliich is an initial stem. See § 16. — T. M.] 



With the cardinal ten the numeration apparently changes over to 

 a decimal system. After every new decimal, the cardinals take one 

 or the other of two forms. One is a cumulative compound, wherein 

 the part indicating the decimal comes first, and the smaller number 

 second. 



meddswineguH^ ten one (meaning eleven) 

 nlcwdhitAgine'sw^ twenty-three 



negutwd'Tiwenegu'P one hundred one (meaning one hundred and 

 one) 



The other is also cumulative, but in the form of an intransitive 

 verb of the third person singular inanimate. Furthermore, the com- 

 bination incorporates nesi-, an element used in the word for finger, 

 between the pronominal ending and the part expressing the numeral. 



me'ddsw^ it is ten 

 m,edds'winydwines%'wi it is ten four 



The initial member indicating the decimal can be omitted, if the 

 numeration is clear from the context. For example, negutinesVw^ 

 can mean eleven, twenty-one, thirty-one, forty-one, and so on 

 up to and including ninety-one. It jumps such numbers as a 

 hundred and one and a thousand and one; but it can be used to 

 express a hundred and eleven, and a thousand and eleven, and all the 

 rest of the one-series, as in the instances just cited. In the same 

 way nlcwinesl^w^ can be used to express a two-series; neswinesl^w^ , a 

 three-series ; and so on up to and including cdgdnesi'w^, a nine-series. 



§50 



