BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 881 



The affricatives have been placed in the group of stops because 

 they are closely associated with them. It is doubtful whether the 

 fortis velar occurs. 



The aflfricative c series corresponds to the English ch in church; 

 the 2, s series to z in azure and to sh in shore; /i to the velar ch in 

 German. 



The phonetic system of Santee is quite similar to that of Teton, 

 except that I is absent and is replaced by d and n. Teton n is either 

 initial or follows 1i or g. 



In Ponca, y of the series of sounds enumerated before is absent, 



and is throughout replaced by 4 (English sonant th). According to 



Dorsey, this sound approaches the I and /' of other dialects; i. e., it is 



pronounced slightly laterally and with a tendency to a trill. The 



sonant of the affricative series, j, occurs in Ponca, and / is absent. 



In Kansas, which is closely related to Ponca, the Teton y is replaced 



by I. 



In Winnebago the Teton y is replaced bj^ a weakly trilled linguo- 



apical r. Two n sounds are found, one, n, more strongl}^ sonant 



than the other w. In the velar series the sonant continued sound y 



occurs besides the surd Ji. 



In the printed Ponca texts published by Dorsey an alphabet is used 

 that does not conform to the Dakota alphabet used by Riggs and in 

 later publications based on Riggs. Dorsev's alphabet agrees in many 

 respects better with the systems of transcription used in rendering 

 American languages than Riggs's alphabet. Nevertheless we have 

 adhered here to the Riggs system and have avoided the awkward 

 inverted letters used by Dorse}'. 



, 1 Supplementary symWbls used in this sketch. 

 44877^— Bull. 40. pt 1— lU 5ti 



§2 



