BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERTCAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 885 



keyi^' na he says that and — (instead of hey a' na) 

 yu'zi^ Vta he will take her (instead of yu' za Utd) 



Final a" is usually treated similarly. 



hec'^d^'hi^ na she was doing that and — (instead of Tied'^ d^' ha^ na) 

 e'to'^wl^ na he looks at and — (instead of e'td^ioa^ no) 



4. Terminal a ver}^ often changes to e^ but it is not certain that this 

 change is of a purely phonetic character. It occurs before the sounds 

 of the s and k series : 



slolAye' sni he knew not (for slolAya' sni) 



yuzi^' ¥te sni he will not take her (for yuzln Tela sni) 



kini' Fte se'ce he will revive perhaps (for l-ini' Vta se'c'e) 



M'^'ye se it flew, as it were (for Jci^ya se) 



ye Jiceha^' he went just then (for ya Meha^') 



This change also occurs when the following word begins with e: 

 xt^yi^' Icte eci'ya she said to him, "We will go'' (for u'^yi'^' ¥ta 



eci'ya) 

 ¥te eci^' "I will [travel]," he thought (for Jcta eci''') 

 le eha^'taH if you go (for la eha'^'taH) 



It occurs before the articles A/" and l:o''\ and before the conjunction 

 Tceya's. In all these cases it is connected with a change of the initial 

 h sounds of these verbs into the corresponding afl'ricative. Examples 

 are given under 5. 



Since verbs change into nouns by a transformation of final a to e 

 (or by change of suffix a to suffix e), it is not certain that these 

 phenomena can be considered as purel}^ phonetic in character. 



The change from a to e usually accompanies word composition. 

 Examples are : 



tuwe'nl whoever (for twca' ni) 



tuwe' iva¥ a'^' what is holy (for tuwa' loaVa'^') 



Uceha'^' just then (for lica-ha'^') 



a'lcai)€ya to throw beyond the bounds (from u'l^' apa the outside) 



aJca'sp\t and a¥a'sp^eya to be provoked 



The rules relating to terminal a suffer many exceptions. The verbal 

 stem Jia to have, and some verbal stems, like tea and te, seem to be 

 invariable : 



J)Aluha' sni I have not 



w'lc a' ya¥ u' wa lite 3^ou will treat them {vnca them ; ya thou) 



iya'kita sni he did not cause him to behave 



§4 



