888 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



The dialects here treated demonstrate a close relationship between 

 certain groups of sounds. These are notably — 



m h p 



y ^ d T n I 



g h I- t c (k c) n 



These relationships appear partly in consonantic changes required 

 by the rules of euphony of each dialect. It has been shown before 

 that, in cases of contraction in Teton, p may change to m, t and c 

 to n ; and that h and li after a ti-ansf ormed into e, and in a few other 

 cases, change to c and L 



When discussing consonantic clusters, we called attention to the 

 peculiar groups of clusters which occur in Santee, beginning with m, 

 and A. These show a great variability in different, closely related 

 dialects, and exhibit some of the relationships of sounds to which 

 attention has been called. Thus we find the corresponding groups in 

 Santee, Yankton, and Teton : 



Hniifve Taiiktott Trtoii Votica 



md nai md iini hl^ inn Jxf - 



hd hn I'd hi gl^ gn g4 - 



hh hm {?) km. gh gin - - 



The close relationship between t and I- appears in Santee whenever 

 the sound precedes & p. Thus we find — 



iH'pa and iHpa end of a thing 

 wakpa and watpa river 



The relations between n and I in Santee and Teton, and those be- 

 tween ?/, ^, ?', Z, in Santee, Ponca, Winnebago, and Kansas, have been 

 mentioned before. 



An important phonetic law relating to the Winnebago was formu- 

 lated in 1883 by J. Owen Dorsey in the following words:^ 



"A triliteral monosyllable in x^iwere (and often the corresponding ones in 

 Dakota and (fe^iha) is changed into a quadriliteral dissyllable in Hotcangara 

 (Winnebago), when the first letter of the monosyllable is a mute, a palatal spirant, 

 or a spirant sibilant, and the second consonant is a labial or dental mute, or a 

 dental spirant. The first consonant of the Hotcangara dissyllable is always a surd ; 

 the second is, as in the corresponding xoiwere word, a labial or dental mute, or 

 else a dental spirant; and each consonant (in Hotcangara) must be followed by 

 the same vowel sound. In no case, as far as examples have been gained, can any 

 mute stand next to one of the same order; e. g., a labial can not precede a labial." 



1 Swanton hears here an indistinct vowel between the consonants of the cluster. This is true of a 

 great many groups of two consonants. 



2 J. Owen Dorsey, The Comparative Phonology of Four Siouan Languages (Annual Report of the 

 Smith.sonian Institution for 1883, p. 923). 



§4 



