BOAS] HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 893 



Judging- from the published texts, the usage is not quite regular, 

 and some verbs seem to take both forms. 



§ 8. Verbs ami Nouns 



In many compounds of this group an intimate phonetic relation of 

 the noun and verb exists, so much so that the noun sometimes appears 

 in a fragmentary form which never occurs alone, or, at least, with a 

 termination that has undergone far-reaching modifications. 

 cante' heart. From this word are formed — 

 canti'^'za to have courage (with ti'^'sa staff) 

 tame' to be troubled (with ze disturbed) 

 caHo'hnaka to love (with ohna'l'a to push in) 

 The complete word appears in — 



caHe'asni to recover one's mind (with astii' to recover) 



ha^ye'tu night 



ha^'mani to walk in the night (with ma'ni to walk) 

 ha^wa'^'lta to remain over night (with toa'H'a to be) 



wi^'ya'^ FEMALE 



wi'hdastaka to strike one's wife {hdasta'ka to strike one's own) 

 wi'inalima to conceal a woman (with ina'Uma to hide) 

 loikl' sdeya to molest a woman (with kisde'ya to molest) 

 witcL^'ma a virgin [ta^'sna alone) 



The terminal a of the noun does not change to e, but contraction takes 

 place in compounds of this type. 



maUki' ca'^ya'^ to till a tield (from ma' ga field; kica^'ya'^ to culti- 

 vate) 



makl'puskica to lie on the ground (from inaha' ground; ipuskica 

 to press on; with contraction of a-i to /) 



In still other cases the noun modifies the initial sound of the verb. 

 tica'ga to pitch a tent (from tl dwelling; kaga to make) 

 mi'iiicajpi a well (from riii'ni water; ka to dig) 



The transition between these forms and others consisting of object 

 and verb, or subject and intransitive predicate, is quite gradual. A 

 number of nouns are used like classifiers, when the sense of the sen- 

 tence does not require the noun. Thus we find, from — 

 ca^ WOOD 



ca'^ka'ska to tie wood together 

 ca'^ha'sdeca to saw wood 

 wica human being 



wicata^'sna bachelor (compare the true compound wlta'^'siui virgin) 



