BOAS] 



HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES 



911 



It will be noticed that in all these forms, except in ^Jm thou sayest, 

 the labials and dentals, respectively, appear for the first and second 

 person pronouns. In the forms in mn for the first person we have 

 apparently verbs in ^, in which for the regular I (Santee d) the nasal 

 n is substituted; while in Tiihit! i start to come and dj^a i say, the 

 dental element has been lost. Perhaps all the forms of the verbs in y 

 ma}'^ be explained as a transformation of the pronominal labial and the 

 stem-dental into })aI- (Santee irid-) in the first person, and as a loss of 

 one of the dentals in the second person, so that instead of yy-^ I- (Santee 

 d-) remains. As pointed out by J. Owen Dorsey,^ this theory is sub- 

 stantiated by the correspondence of the following forms: 



Santee: da- (2d person of verbs in ya-) 

 Ponca: sna- lina- 

 Winnebago: cara- 



All verbs beginning with yu- generally drop this prefix (see § 13) in 

 the inclusive. yiHa to eat drops it also in the first and second 

 persons. 



Two Santee verbs — yiika"^' there is and yakd^' — are defective, and 

 similar in their treatment to kiyu'. 



yuka"^ there is 

 u^ka^pi we are 

 duka^pi ye are 

 yaka'^pi they are 



daka'no'^ thou art 

 daka'no'^pi ye are 

 u^ya'kd^^ u^ya'kd^pi we are 

 yako''^2^i they are 



Among the neutral verbs the following have to be noted: The verbs 

 beginning with a vowel use in- and n- instead of raa- and ni-. The 

 few neutral verbs beginning in y drop this sound in the first and 

 second persons; those beginning in wa- and prefixing the pronoun 

 change wa- to u- in the first and second persons. Examples in Santee 

 are — 



I Comparative Phonology of Four Siouan Languages (Smithsonian Report for 1883, p. 92-1). See 

 also §§ 21 et seq. 



§19 



