912 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



Quite irregular are the following Santee verbs: 



[bull. 40 



§ 20. Verbs with liuffi'crf Object and Jte/fexlt'es 



Whenever a verb takes an indirect objector when the object belongs 

 to the subject, one of two peculiar forms is used. One of them is 

 regular, and is characterized by the introduction of the element X/ after 

 the compound pronoun expressing subject and object. When the pro- 

 noun ends in an /, this form changes to ci. Thus we have — 



hawaHil'sa I cut oil' my own 



clcidowa'^jyi I sing for you IX 110.14 (from do/ca" to sing) 



A second set of forms is irregular. The forms are in Santee — 



The X' of the third person seems to be characteristic of most Siouan 

 dialects; but it seems doubtful whether it is justifiable to explain the 

 forms we-^ ye-^ rnl-, ni-^ as originating through contraction of taaA'i-, 

 yaki-, 7naki-, niki-, as Riggs does. The Ponca forms are not in favor 

 of this theor\^ 



The uses of these two forms are peculiarly irregular. It seems that 

 etymologically both must be considered as distinct, since their rela- 

 tion to the pronouns as well as to the stem is different. The kl which 

 enters into regular composition with the pronouns forms exceptional 

 forms with certain stems. 



(1) Before stems beginning with k and y (and /ti in Teton) it forms 

 gAl (Teton) and /id (Santee). 



iWith the demonstratives e, he, kc, to, this verb forms econ', heco^', kc'con, to'kon (see § 43). It does 

 not occur alone. 



2 With the demonstratives c, Ik:, kc', and wa, aiva, this verb forms t'ci", Ue'ci", ke'ci",wa'cin, awa'cin 

 (see § i'i). It does not occur alone. 



§20 



