934 BUEEAU OF AMEETCAN ETHNOLOGY [bdll. 40 



6. Interrogative. The particle he indicates the interrogative. 



wa^zi'Uci'^ c" upe' mifa'^'kapi he is there one with large marrow? 

 When the person addressed is at a distance, hioo (compounded of he 

 and vvi) is used. 

 to'kiya la hwo whither do you go? 

 Riggs mentions also to in the same position in Santee. 



duhe' snl to? why dost thoii not have it? 

 The particle ce (Santee ci) is an interrogative particle, calling for an 

 immediate reply. 



7. Negative, The negative is expressed by the particle sni. 



slolAye' sni he knew it not 



tuwe'ni el no^v^e' sni no one swims there 



8. Optative, The optative exclamation toki^' oh if requires a 



terminal n^, which in position and form is analogous to the 

 other particles here discussed. 

 toki^' pagl' eta^' iye'waya ni oh that I might find some sunflower 

 roots! {iye'ya to find) 



9. A number of other particles appear in the same position. They 



seem to merge gradually into adverbial expressions and con- 

 junctions. 

 se'ba (Teton) evidently. 



tiyata'ne lipe'ya wahi'yu se'ca lo evidentlj'^ I have come to an 

 abandoned lodge {t'i lodge; ya'ta at; Myti' to come to) 



nace'ce (Teton) perhaps. 



owe'l-t^ahaH he nita'kuyepi vace'ce lo perhaps those are your 

 relatives {ptoe'ki^aha^s perhaps; he those; tciku'ye relative) 

 1li"ea very (see § 41.3). 

 ki"Jia" (Santee) when, if. 



y((hl I'l'^ha^ when thou comest 

 i'Mf eia (Santee); r«t"> la^'naha'^ (Teton). According to 

 Riggs, this particle is used "when a general rule or something 

 customar}" is spoken of, and is generally followed bj^ te or ete at 

 the end of the sentence." 



yahi capiwada ce when thou comest, I am glad 

 waniyetu ca wapa ece when it is winter, it snows 

 l^eJia'^ (Santee), A?o"/iCt'*^ (Teton), when; according to Riggs, this 



particle always refers to past time. 

 eoli (Santee) when. 

 Izes although. 

 §40 



