WINNEBAGO TEXT 

 By Paul Radin 

 Hio'^'jihi'wira* jagxi'^ haminA'iigiresga'nAnk'u"^ hi'peresjinA'nkse;* 



Our father what does he sit on, it seems lie came to, he knew; 



e'gi^ isja'nialio^'je^ /-a'kse;^ e'gi ke s'i' wewi'ni;^ liAnke'^ waJA'^'niJA''^ 



and tears flowed he wept; and not long he thought not anything 



of it; 



hajani' j^ ; ^^ hAnke'^ waJA'^'niJA"/ ke'^ waJA^'niJA''^ niii'genA'ngEnije." 



he did not not anything, not anything was (there) anywhere. 



see; 



Ja'gwaminA'ngiresga'nAiiksegi'ji^^ haminA'ngEnAfika, e']a wajai'^'JA" ^^ 



What he sat on it seemed he sat on that which, there something 



hanigu'je, hanigu'iiAiika" manA'ngEre^^ eja^^ nin'genink^^ 



he took from, he took that which the earth there a little piece 



wa'giYi^'je;^* e'gi^^ hominA'n^EnAiika^*' k'u'^hA^hi'regP^ howahuhi'je.^^ 



for them he and that which he sat on below him towards he sent it. 



made; 



ifti'dnc father; hihi'wira 1st plural of possessive pronoun of terms of relationship; c softens ioj 

 when followed by any syllable. 



'^jagu' regular interrogative and relative pronoun. 



3 Contraction for ha-minAnk-hire'sge-nAnk-'iin; ha on; min'ank he sits; hire it seems; -sgi a suffix 

 implying uncertainty; -iiAnk suffix denoting sitting position; 'm» he does, auxiliary verb (1st person 

 ha'iin, 2d person ^'iin, 3d person 'an). 



* hi-peres-ji-)iArik-&c; hi prefix generally meaning with; per^s HE knows; ji he comes; -nAnk suffix 

 denoting sitting position; -sc or -jc temporal suffix denoting present completed action. 



^e'gi conjunction, sometimes with the force of then. Composed of two elements,— e, the demon- 

 strative pronoun of 3d person; and -gi, an adverbial suffix. For the demonstrative expressing position 

 near the 1st person it is me'gi, and for that near the second person de'gi. 



« {h)isja-ni-hahd'''-j6 eye-water-it flowed on— present time. 



Tya'k-ig HE wept— present time. 



8 we'wTn HE knows; ni negative particle following adverb hAnki' or ke not, and always inserted at 

 the end of the stem of the following verb. 



9 wajAn'nijAn indefinite pronoun composed of wa'jAn, something; and hi'jAn one, a.' The n follow- 

 ing the nasalization is a glide. 



^ohaja-ni-je HE sees; negative particle; present (1st person haca', 2d person ha&Ja', 3d person haja'). 



»nf7!g'e-n/ij7tM/-jt ANY (thing); sitting position; negative particle; present. 



ngri'ji an adverb generally meaning so. Oftener used as a stop. 



"Contraction for wa'jAn hi'jAn. The elision of the h, the union of two vowels to form a diphthong, 

 and the shifting of the nasalization, are very common in Winnebago; for example, nA'i+hi'jAn form 

 nain'jAn A tree; mAn+hi'jAn form main'jAn a year. 



i* hani-gu-riAnka to have, to take from; ha from (1st person ha'ni, 2d person ha'slni, 3d person 

 hani'). This verb is used also as one of the possessive pronouns, gu it comes in direction towards 

 subject OF action (1st person hak'u', igu, gu); uAn'kd, sitting form of demonstrative pronoun ga 

 that. Here u.sed with force of relative pronoun. 



i^man-nA'ngEre earth; demonstrative plural pronoun from ga; idiomatically used as the plural 

 definite article. 



iSf'ja adverb. Probably composed of demonstrative e and hija' there. 



^Tninge-nlnk A piece, a little; n^Sfc is the regular diminutive suffix. Sometimes used to express 

 an indefinite object. 



^^wa-gi'iin-jc plural objective personal pronoun; for; he did; present time. There are four ele- 

 ments of gi that have to be carefully distinguished,— the instrumental prefix, the preposition for or 

 TO, the temporal suffix, and the verbal stem. 



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