XLII REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. 



afforded the material for the i)resunt paper, occuj)ied more 

 than two years. 



His chief point of observation was at Fort Chimo, in longi- 

 tude 68° west of Greenwich and latitude 58° north, situated 

 on the right bank of Koksoak river, from Avhich the resi- 

 dent Eskimo are called Koksoaginyut. Fort Chimo is 27 

 miles by the above-mentioned river froni Uugava bay, which 

 gives its name to a large district, of which the eastern bound- 

 ary is formed by the foothills on the Avesteru part of the 

 coast range, this line being the western limit of Labrador. 



The author uses a classification, common in literature though 

 not well founded, in which the Innuit are regarded as not 

 Indian. While the term "Indian" is well understood to be 

 an error as applied to an}- of the pre-Columbian inhabitants 

 of America, it is now too thoroughl}' established to be abol- 

 ished; but recognizing the eri'or, it must be used generally as 

 applicable to all the tribes of the continent, and, indeed, of 

 the hemisphere. Both the Innuit and the Aztec are as truly 

 or as falsely North American Indians as are any of the tribes 

 between the Arctic seas and Mexico, and the same designation 

 must be applied to native Peruvians and Patagonians and all 

 neio-hborinjj- tribes. Disreoardin"- this distinction, the Indians 

 of the Ungava district, other than Iimuit, are generall}' known 

 as Nascopie, or Nascapee, a term of reproach imposed by the 

 Montagnais, who, with them, form part of the great Algonquian 

 linguistic family. The people call themselves Nenenot, a 

 word of their language meaning true or ideal men. 



Mr. Turner presents . exhaustive details with comparisons 

 and contrasts concerning the Koksoagmyut, who are exclu- 

 sively littoral, and the Algonquian Nascopie of the interior. 

 The customs of daily life, religious observances, mythology, 

 arts, and folk lore of both peoi)les are set forth with orderly 

 method, in spirited style and with abundant illustration, so 

 tl)at a vivid picture of the distant hyperborean tribes is shown. 

 It is also important to note that many errors made by earlier 

 writers, which liave been repeated in ethnologic text books and 

 have become commonly accepted as facts, are now corrected. 

 Instances of these current errors are that the Eskimo observed 



