STKVENSON.) EAIN CEREMONIAL. 77 



inches high, of Ko'chinako (Yellow Woman of the Nortli) stands to 

 the light of the ya'ya, and a wolf of red sandstone, its tail being quite 

 the length of its body, which is 6 inches, is placed to the left of the 

 ya'ya, and by the side of this wolf is a bear of black lava, and next an 

 abalone shell; two cougars of red sandstone, some 12 inches in length, 

 are posted to the right and left of the altar ; an antique medicine bowl, 

 finely decorated in snake, cloud, and lightning designs, is placed in 

 front of the three ya'ya; two finely polished adzes, 12 inches long, are 

 laid either side of the medicine bowl, and by these two large stone 

 knives ; two ya'ya stand side by side in front of the bowl, and before 

 each is a snake's rattle, each rattle liaving twelve buttons; the sixth 

 ya'ya stands on the tail of the sand-painted cougar; a miniature bow 

 and arrow is laid before each of the six ya'ya; eight human images 

 are arranged in line in front of the two ya'ya, these representing 

 Ma'asewe, tJyuuyewe, and the six warriors who live in the six moun- 

 tains of the cardinal points, the larger figures being 8 and 10 inches 

 high and the smaller ones 4 and 5, the figure of the Warrior of the 

 North having well-defined eyes and nose in bas-relief. This figure is 

 decorated with a necklace of bears' claws, a similar necklace being 

 around its companion, a clumsy stone hatchet. Most of the images in 

 this line have a fringe of white wool around the face, symbolic of clouds. 

 In front of these figures are three fetiches of Ko'shairi, not over 4 or 5 

 inches high, with a shell in front of them, and on either side of the shell 

 there are two wands of turkey plumes standing in clay holders, the 

 holders having been first modeled into a ball and then a cavity made 

 by pressing in the finger sufficiently deep to hold the wand. These 

 holders are sun dried. In front of the shell is a cross, the only evi- 

 dence discovered of an apparent influence of Catholicism. The cross, 

 however, bears no symbol of Christianity to these Indians. The one re- 

 ferred to was given to a theurgist of the Snake Society in remote times 

 by a priest so good of heart, they say, that, though his religion was not 

 theirs, his prayers traveled fast over the straight road to Ko'pishtaia; 

 and so their reverence for this i^riest as an honest, truthful man led them 

 to convert the symbol of Christianity into an object of fetichistic worship. 

 The cross stands on a 6-inch cube of wood, and is so covered with 

 plumes that only the tips of the cross are to be seen, and a small bunch of 

 eagle plumes is attached x^endent to the top of the cross with cotton 

 cord. A bear of white stone, 5 inches long, is placed to the left of the 

 cross and just back of it a tiny cub. A wolf, also of white stone, and 

 5 inches in length, is deposited to the right of the cross. At either 

 end of, and to the front of, the altar are two massive carvings in relief, 

 in red sandstone, of coiled snakes. Bear-leg skins, with the claws, are 

 piled on either side of the altar, and by these gourd rattles and eagle 

 plumes, in twos, to be used by the members in the ceremonial. A neck- 

 lace of bears' claws, with a whistle attached midway the string, having 

 two tluflfy eagle plumes fastened to the end with native cotton cord, 



