302 



THE HUDSON BAY ESKIMO. 



quired size. This bag is used to hold the clothing, furs, aud other valu- 

 ables. When on a trip they are invariably carried. If the journey be 

 performed on foot the two ends are tied with a thong and the bag 

 thrown over the shoulder. 



In preparing food stone pestles of various sizes were 

 formerly used of the shape shown in Fig. 118. These 

 pestles are now mostly out of date and superseded by 

 cast-iron ones with steel faces, procured from the 

 traders. The metal pounders, however, are so heavy 

 that they are objectionable to peoiile who have to 

 make their burdens on the portages as light as pos- 

 sible. 



Spoons to lift iiieces of floating meat from the hot 

 liquor in which it is cooked, are made of reindeer 

 antler and of wood. The pattern of these spoons is 

 shown in the flgixres (Fig. 119). One shape (No. 3351, 

 Fig. u8.-stone pestle, Figs. 120, 121,122), was perhaps copied from a civil- 

 Nenenot. j^^^j ladle. Pots are suspended over the fire with pot- 



hooks of reindeer antler hung up by a loop of thong. These pothooks 

 are also made of wood. 



TOBACCO AND PIPES. 



Like all other Indians, 

 these i^eople are inordi- 

 nately fond of tobacco 

 for smoking, chewing, 

 and snuff; the latter, 

 however, is used only by 

 aged individuals, espe- 

 cially the females, whose 



countenances show the Fm. n9.-Wooden spnon or ladle, Nenenot. 



effect in a manner quite disgusting. The men consider a supply of to- 

 bacco of as much importance as the supply of ammunition for the pros- 

 ecution of the chase. The first 

 request upon meeting an Indian 

 is that you fui-nish him with a 

 chew or a pipe full. Little satis- 

 factory intercourse can be had 

 with him until he is mollified by 

 a gift of tobacco. The first thing 

 that an Indian receives when ar- 

 riving at the trading post is a 

 clay pipe and a plug of tobacco. The pint of molasses and the 

 three or four hard biscuit (which have received the local name of 

 'Canadian padlock," doubtless because they are so difiScult to open), 

 are of secondary consideration. When the spring arrivals are camped 



Fig. 120. — Wooden spoon or ladle, Nenenot. 



