DORSEY.] OTHER OMAHA AND PONKA TERMS. 367 



kauda is used of superliiunan beings or powers, as in Omalia and Ponka, 

 but tlie author never heard a shaman apply the term to himself. Wa- 

 kandagi has another meaning, mysterious, wonderful, incomprehensible, 

 as, nikawakandagi, mysterious man, shaman, juggler, doctor; naniin"ba 

 wakaiidagi, mysterious or sacred pipe; wakandagi wagaxe, the sleight- 

 of-hand tricks of the mysterious men and women. Wakanda qudje, the 

 gray mysterious one, the elephant. Waka" does not mean serpent, 

 1)ut pumpkin, answering to the Omaha and Ponka, wata", and to the 

 Osage, wakqa" and watqa". j\[;yets'a (almost, Byets'a) is the Kausa 

 word for a serpent. 



In Osage, Waka"5a answers to the Kansa Wakanda, and Wanka°- 

 ;a-}ti is the same as the Kansa, Wakandagi. Wets'a is a serpent. In 

 Kwapa, Waka"^aj[i seems to answer to the Kansa Wakandagi. 



In j^oiwere (Iowa, Oto, IVTissouri), Waka"ja is the same as the Kansa 

 Wakanda. Waka" means a serpent. Waka" ki}[ra:joe, the Serpent 

 gens. Wahu-pri", mysterious, as a person or animal; but wa-qo-nyi- 

 ta", mysterious, as an inanimate object. 



In the Winnebago, three names for superhuman beings have Ijeen 

 found. One is Wajju"se or Wagu"ze, which can not be translated; an- 

 other is Ma"'u"na, Earth-maker, the third being Qo-pi"-ne qe-te-ra, 

 Great Mysterious One. Qopi"ne seems related to waqopini (with 

 which compare the j^.iiwere, wahupri"), a term used to distinguish 

 people of other races from Indians, just as in Dakota wacitcu" (in 

 Eiggs's alphabet, wasicuij), nowused for " white man," "black man," etc., 

 retains in the Teton dialect its ancient meaning of superhuman being 

 or guardian spirit. Wakawa"x, in Winnebago, denotes a witch or 

 wizard. Waka°-na is a serpent, and waka" ikikaratca-da, the Serpent 

 gens; Waka"tca, or Waka"tca-ra, thunder, the Thunder- Being; Waka"- 

 tcaiika-ra, a shaman or mysterious man. 



OTHER OMAHA AND PONKA TERMS. 



§ 8. Other terms are given as being jiertinent to the subject. They 

 occur in the language of the Omaha and Ponka. Qube, mysterious as a 

 person or animal (all animals were persons in ancient times); but a 

 mysterious inanimate object is spoken of as being " waqube." Uqube 

 means the mysterionsness of a human being or animal. Uqube- 

 a^^a^ica", i^ertaining to such mysterionsness. Wakandaiafica", per- 

 taining or I'eferriug to Wakanda. Nikie is a term that refers to a 

 mythical ancestor, to some part of his body, to some of his acts, or to 

 some ancient rite ascribed to him. A "nikie name" is a personal 

 name of such a character. Ifa'efe, literally, "to pity him on account 

 of it, granting him certain power." Its primary reference is to the 

 mysterious animal, but it is transferred to the person having the 

 vision, hence, it means " to receive mysterious things from an ani- 

 mal, as in a vision after fasting; to see as in a vision, face to face (not 



