374 A STUDY OF SIOUAN CULTS. 



suppliaut's flesh, etc. In modern times the Kansa have substituted 

 the lives of animals, as deer, grouse, etc., for those of human enemies 



(see §§ 28, 33, etc.). 



OMAHA AND KANSA EXPRESSIONS ABOUT WAKANDA. 



§ 25. Samuel Fremont said that before the advent of the white rane 

 the Omaha had certain expressions which they used in .speaking of 

 AVakanda; When an Indian met with unexpected good fortune of any 

 sort the people used to say, "Wakanda has given him some assist- 

 ance.'" Or they might say, "Wakanda knows him.''- Sometimes 

 they said, " Wakanda has planned for his own (i. e., for his friend, re- 

 iatioii, or .subject)."^ If a Kansa prospers, he says, "Wakau'da 

 ak4 a"ma'"yiixii'dje aka' eyaii," i. e., " Wakanda has indeed been look- 

 ing at me!" And in speaking of the success of another, he says, 

 " Wakan'da akA uika yiiiki' uyii'xiidje aka eyau," i. e.," Wakanda has 

 indeed been lookiug at the man." 



Samuel Fremont said that when an animal detected the approach of 

 the hunter and consequently tied from him, the man prayed thus: 

 Hau', Wakan'da, wani'ta wi° a^fA'i 61"te ci i°f^g^ize 6ga°. Ci wi"" 



Ho, AVukanda. quadruped one you gave per- again you take some- again one 



to me bapa yours what 



back 

 from me 



wa^'ianaa'=faki(f'e ka^b^'cga", 



you cause to appear I hope 



to me 



i. e., ''Ho, Wakanda, you may have given me an animal, but now it 

 seems that you have taken it from me. I hope that you will cause 

 another to appear to me." But if the hunter shot at an animal and 

 missed it, he said nothing. 



PONKA BELIEF ABOUT MALEVOLENT SPIRITS. 



§ 26. About eighteen years ago, the author was told by the Ponka, 

 whose reservatiou was then in southern Dakota, that they believed 

 deatli to be caused by certain malevolent spirits, Whom they feared. In 

 order to iirevent future visits of such spirits, the survivors gave away 

 all their property, hoping that as they were in such a wretched plight the 

 spirits would not think it worth while to make them more unhappy. 

 At the burial of Mazi-kide, an Omaha, the author observed that some 

 one approached the corpse and addressed it. In referring to this in 

 1888, Samuel Fremont said that the speaker said, "Wakanda has 

 caused your death." In telling this, Fremont used the singular, 

 " Wakanda aka." On repeating this to George Miller, the latter said 

 that it should have been "Wakanda ama," in the plural, " the Mysteri- 

 ous Powers," as the Omaha believed in more than one Wakanda before 

 they learned about the one God of monotheism. 



< Wakanda aka uii[a°i ega". 'Wakanda aka ibaha°i. 'Wakanda aka igi^igfa'i. 



