DORSEY] KANSA BELIEFS RESPECTING DEATH, ETC. 421 



if not, the four winds). Wackaa'-ga (Be strong)." Galiige was under- 

 stood to speak of four spirits or souls to eacli person, but Josepli La 

 F16che and Two Crows said tliat the Omaha did not believe that a per- 

 son had more than one spirit. Two Crows gave the following as the ad- 

 dress to a dying member of his gens, the Hanga, another buffalo gens: 

 "Wanic^a etaja" fati. Ga" e%a (J'ag((;e tate hft. Ga" dudu(fagaqfaji te 



Quadruped from you And thitli- you go shall . And you do not face will 



have er * this way (please) 



come 



ha'. Hn6 te'cja ca^'ca" ma°^iu'-ga h4," i. e., "You came hither from the 



you go to the always wallj thou ! 



animals. And you are going back thither. Do not face this way again. 

 When you go, cortiiuie walking." The last sentence is a petition to the 

 departing spirit not to return to this earth to worry or injure the surviv- 

 ors. That the dead are referred to as still existing, and as having some 

 knowledge of what is happening here, may be seen from the address to 

 a Ponka chief at his installation: "(piadi gahi, <f-iji"'^e gahi, ^i-jiga" 

 giihi, dmustaqti (f;ida"'be ma'''((;i" tai;" i. e., "Your father was a chief, 

 your elder brother (i. e., his potential elder brother, Ubiska, a former 

 head chief of the Pouka) was a chief, and your grandfather was a 

 chief; may they continue to look directly do\^Ti on you!"' 



§ 70. Those who boil sacred food, as for the warpath, pour some of 

 the soup outside the lodge, as an ofteriug to the ghosts. (Omaha cus- 

 tom.) 



There has been no beUef in the resurrection of the body, but simply 

 one in the continued existence of the ghost or spirit. While some of the 

 lowas exi)ressed to Mr. Hamilton a belief in the transmigration of spirits, 

 that doctrine has not been found among the Omaha and Ponka, nor 

 has the author heard of it among other Siouan tribes. 



Not all ghosts are visible to the living. They may be heard without 

 being seen. One Omaha woman, the mother of Two Crows, told how she 

 had been in a lodge with many persons, who were invisible from the 

 knees upward.^ 



KANSA BELIEFS RESPECTING DEATH AND A FUTURE LIFE. 



§ 71. When the author was at Kaw Agency, Indian Territory, in the 

 winter of 1882-'83, a man named Ho-sa-sa-ge died. After the represen- 

 tatives of all the gentes had assembled at the house, Wakauda (named 

 after the Thunder-being), the father-in-law of the deceased, removed the 

 lock of hair called the "ghost," and took it to his own Louse, weeping as 

 he departed. 



When Mr. Say was among the Kansa^ he obtained the following iu- 

 fornuitiou about their beliefs concerning death and the future life: 



When a man is killed in battle the thunder ia supposed to take him up, they do 



lOm. Soc, p. 360. 



^See "Death and Funeral Customs of the Omahas," by Francis La Flescbe, in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 

 Vol. II, No. 4, pp. 4,5. 

 3 See James's Account Exped. to Rocky Mountains, Vol. I., p. 125. 



