DOBSEY.] WIND AND WATER POWEES. 537 



WIND GENTES. 



The following social divisions are assigned to this category: The 

 3a"ze, or Wind people, and the j,e-da-it'aji, Touch-not-a-buflalo-skull, 

 or Eagle people, of the Omaha tribe; the (pixida and Nikadaona gentes 

 of the I'onka ; the Ka"ze (Wind or Sonth Wind people), Qiiya (White 

 eagle), Ghost, and perhaps the Large Haiiga (Black eagle), among the 

 Kansa; the Ka°se (also called the Wind and South Wind people), and 

 perhaps the Haujia ntafanjse (Black eagle) gens of the Osage; the 

 Pigeon and Buffalo gentes of the Iowa and Oto tribes; the Hawk and 

 Momi (Small bird) subgentes of the Missouri tribe; the Ea^le and 

 Pigeon, and perhaps the Hawk subgens of the Winnebago Bird gens. 



EACH qUARTEK RECKOXED AS THREE. 



Each wind or quarter is reckoned as three by the Dakota ' and pre- 

 strmably by the Osage (see § 42), making the four quarters equal to 

 twelve. Can there be any reference here to a belief in three worlds, 

 the one in which we live, an upper world, and a world beneath this one? 

 Or were the winds divided into three classes, those close to the ground, 

 those in mid air, and those vei-y high in the air? The Kansa seem to 

 make some such distinction, judging from the names of the divisions of 

 the Ka°ze or Wind gens of that tribe. 



NAMES REFERRING TO OTHER WORLDS. 



References to a world supposed to be above that one in which we 

 dwell occur in some of the personal names of the Dakota, in the U. S. 

 Census list of 1880. There we find such names as, Wolf Up-above, 

 Hawk Up-above, Grizzly-bear Up-above, and Buffalo-bull Up-above. 

 Grizzly-bear Up above should be taken in connection with the tradition 

 of the Black-bear people of the Osage tribe. These people tell how 

 their ancestors descended from the upper world, bringing fire.^ The 

 tradition of the Wolf people of the Winnebago tribe tells of the creation 

 of their ancestors as wolves in a subterranean world, and of a belief 

 that many wolves remain there still. The Winnebago have, too, the 

 name. Second Earth Person, referring to a waktceqi or watermonster, 

 as the waktceqi are supposed to dwell in the world beneath this one. 

 They call this world The First World, and the subterranean one The 

 Second World. 



THE WATER POWEES. 



§ 386. The Unktelii of the Dakota answers to the Wakandagi of the 

 Omaha and Ponka, and the Waktceqi of the Winnebago. One of the 

 Omaha myths relates to a Wakandagi with seven heads. The Waktceqi 

 have the Loon as a servant, and in this respect they resemble the tyrant 



' Compare An. Kept. Peabody Museum, Vol. 3, p. 289, note 1. 

 ^Osage War Customs, in Amer. Naturalist, Feb. 1884, p. 133. 



