DOBSETO COMPOSITE NAMES. 539 



bear people of the Omaha, an earth people, assist the Elk people in the 

 worship of the Thunder; and among the Kansa, the Buffalo people per- 

 form a similar service for the Lu or Thunder-being people (§§ 35, 36). 



Those who belong to the same phratry, belong to the same social 

 division; but while they "sing the mystery songs togethei'," they need 

 not be assigned to the same elemental category. 



§ 390. As the order of Thunder shamans is composed of those who 

 have had dreams or visions of the sun, moon, stars, Thunder-beings, or 

 some other superterrestial objects or phenomena, may not all super- 

 terrestial beings, including those of the "upper world," be regarded as 

 Thunder-beings by the Indians? (See § 45 and the Thunder-being 

 names in § 393.) 



That is to say, may not the eagles, and other birds of the " upper 

 world" be Eagle Thunder-beings, Crow Thunder-beings, etc., though 

 their special element is not the lire but the " wind-makers," and the 

 grizzly bears who reside under ground in that upper world, have given 

 rise to the personal name, Grizzly-bear Thunder-being? If this be cor- 

 rect, then Bowlder Thunder-being may refer to a bowlder in the upper 

 world, unless the supposition respecting composite names (in § 392) be 

 true. 



§ 391. The following appears at first sight to be the proper classifica- 

 tion of the subgentes of a Bird gens in a few of the Siouan tribes: 

 Thunder-bird, Eagle, Hawk, and Pigeon. But a study of personal 

 names has led to a modification of this grouping: for we find such 

 names as Eagle Thunder-being, Hawk Thunder-being, and Pigeon 

 Thunder-being, as distinguished from ordinary eagles, hawks, and 

 pigeons. Hence, we nuiy find on further study that in some tribes there 

 are eagle, hawk, and pigeon names for gentes and subgentes whose 

 patron gods are Thunder-beings. For instance, the Lij gens of the 

 Kansa tribe has two names for itself, Leda° nikaci°ga, Gray hawk 

 People, and h^ nikaci^ga, Thunder-being People. 



COMPOSITE NAMES. 



§ 392. There are other composite names, most of which are found in 

 the census lists of the Dakota tribes, whose gentes are said to have no 

 animal names, and a few have been obtained fi'om the personal name 

 lists of the Omaha, Ponka, and Kansa, and the census lists of the 

 Mandan, and Hidatsa, that give animal names to some or all of their 

 gentes. In the Winnebago name list no such personal names have 

 been found, though that people has animal names for its gentes. 



Each of these composite names may refer to a vision of a composite 

 being, who was subsequently regarded as the guardian spirit of the 

 pei'sou who had the dream or vision. Or the bearer of such a name 

 may have had a dream or vision of two distinct powers. In the picto- 

 graph of such a name, the powers (or symbols of the two powers) rep- 

 resented in the name are joined (see § 374). 



