246 MEMOIRS OF 



instruction should give to the people every 

 means of fully exercising their industry without 

 disgusting them with their condition ; that se- 

 condary instruction should expand the mind 

 without rendering it false or presumptuous ; 

 and that special instruction* should give to 

 France, magistrates, generals, physicians, clergy, 

 and professors, all distinguished for their en- 

 lightened views ; in fact, that succession of ele- 

 vated characters which make the real and 

 imperishable glory of the country in which they 

 act their part. But here it may be interesting 

 again to introduce M. Cuvier's own words, as 

 expressing his sentiments, and which have been 

 supplied to me by M. Laurillard: — "Give 

 schools before political rights ; make citizens 

 comprehend the duties that the state of society 

 imposes on them ; teach them what are political 

 rights before you oifer them for their enjoyment. 

 Then all ameliorations will be made without 



* These three terms of primary, secondary, and special, 

 to which I believe we have nothing analogous in England, 

 designate, first, the instruction given to the poorer classes 

 both in town and country, and which, in France, is confined 

 to reading, writing, and the first four rules of arithmetic ; 

 secondly, a more extended education, fit for general pur- 

 poses ; and, thirdly, a still more elevated course of study, 

 which fits the pupils for any particular career to which they 

 may direct their views. 



