HANDBOOK OF ABORIGINAL AMERICAN 

 ANTIQUITIES 



Part I 



INTEODUCTORY 



THE LITHIC IXDUSTEIES 



By W. H. Holmes 



I. THE PLACE OF ARCHEOLOGY IN HUMAN HISTORY 



4 NTHROPOLOGY, which is defined as the science of man, may 



ZA be regarded as presenting two distinct phases: (a) The his- 



1 V torical phase, which deals with the present and past, and (h) 



the practical phase, which relates to the present and future. The 



former comprises all of those researches designed 

 Human History to acquire a knowledge of the present and past of 

 Synonymous ' man, and the latter all of those researches which 



have the present and future welfare of man in view. 

 The term '' History " as applied to the human race is a com- 

 prehensive designation corresponding to the historical phase of 

 Anthropology. According to Powell's classification. Anthropology 

 may be considered under seven heads or departments, giving rise to 

 as many branches of research : Somatology, the science of the human 

 body; psycholog}', the science of the human mind; philology, the 

 science of activities designed for expression ; sociology, the science 

 of institutions; sophiology, the science of activities designed to give 

 instruction; technology, the science of the arts and industries; 

 esthetology, the science of activities designed to give pleasure. In 

 Avorking out its problems each of these branches employs every 

 available agency of research within and without its particular field, 

 and makes use of every kind of record in which the history of man 

 is embodied. 



The sources of information to be drawn upon in these researches 



are comprised under two principal heads: (I) In- 

 Sources of infor- tentional or purposeful records, and (II) noninten- 

 fui Records tional or fortuitous records. The intentional records 



are of five forms, as follows: (1) Pictorial, as in 

 pictures and pictographs: (2) major objective, as in commemorative, 

 monumental works; (3) minor objective, as in quipu and wampum; 



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