2 BUEEAU or AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bcll. 60 



(4) oral, as in tradition and lore; (5) written, as in glyphic and 

 alphabetic characters. It shonld be observed that with each of these 

 categories goes necessarily a mnemonic element — a very considerable 

 dependence on memory. 



Fortuitons records take numerous forms: (1) The great body of 



products of hunum handicraft to which no mnemonic 

 Fortuitous Records significance has ever been attached; (2) the nonma- 



terial results of human activity as embodied in lan- 

 guage, beliefs, customs, music, philosophy, etc.; (3) the ever-existing 

 body of unpremeditated memories which accrue to each generation 

 and are in part transmitted adventitiously; (4) the record embodied 

 in the physical constitution of man, which, when properly read, aids 

 in telling the story of his development from lower forms; (5) the 

 records of intellectual growth and powers to be sought in the nature 

 and activities of the mind; (0) the environments which may be made 

 to assist in revealing the story of the nurture and upbuilding of the 

 race and its culture throughout the past. 



It is from these diversified records, present and past, that the story 



of the race — of the seven grand divisions of human 

 Relations of Ar- histor}^ — must be drawn. Archeology stands quite 



eheology to His- ,, ■. . , ■ r ±- 4- j.i ' • -C 



tory apart rroni tins dassihcation oi tlie science or man, 



since, as will be shown, it traverses in its own way 

 the entire field of research; howbeit, it usually claims for its own 

 more especially that which is old or ancient in this vast body of data. 

 It is even called on to pick up the lost lines of the earlier written 

 I'ecords, as in the shadowy ])eginnings of glyphic and phonetic writ- 

 ing, and restore them to history. It must recover the secrets of the 

 commemorative monuments — the tombs, temples, and sculptures in- 

 tended to inunortalize the now long-forgotten great. It must follow 

 back the obscure trails of tradition and substantiate or discredit the 

 lore of the fathers. It must interpret in its way, so far as interpre- 

 tation is possible, the pictorial records inscribed by 

 tHeveroT Histoid ^^^^ aucieuts on rock faces and cavern walls, these 

 being among the most lasting of purposeful records. 

 All that Archeology retrieves from this wide field is restored to 

 human knowledge and added to the volume of written history. 

 Archeology is thus the great retriever of history. 



The science of Archeology is equally useful in the field of the 

 fortuitous records of humanity, for it reads or interprets that which 

 was never intended to be read or interpreted. The products of 

 human handicraft, present and past, which have antomatically re- 

 corded the doings of the ages, are made to tell the story of the strug- 

 gles, the defeats, and the triumphs of humanity. The fortuitous 

 records embodied in the nonmaterial products also of man's activi- 



