XII II.LUSTRATIONS 



Page 



Figure 183. Australian method of chipping as described by Balfour 325 



184. Flaking and notching tools used by Ishi 327 



185. The secondary process — chipping the obsidian 328 



186. The process of notching and serrating 329 



187. Shaping a stone ax by the pecking (crumlding) j^rocess 331 



188. Method of holding the discoidal hammerstone 331 



189 . Typical discoidal hammerstones 332 



190. Stone axes in process of manufacture by pecking (crumlding) 



■with hammerstones 333 



191. Incipient grooved axes showing the effects of pecking (crumbling) 



with a hammerstone .• 334 



192. Specimens illustrating successive steps in shaping hatchet blades 



by fracture, crumbling, and grinding 335 



193. Carving with a pointed bit of stone held in the hand 336 



194. Probable manner of employing the chisel in carving stone 336 



195. A chisel-like blade of flint from Yucatan 337 



196. Three forms of the crumbling-carving process — with mallet and 



chisel, with hafted pick, and wdth pick held in the hand 337 



197. Partially dressed blocks of stone in an ancient quarry at Mitla, 



Mexico 338 



198. Rude stone-cutting (crumlding) implements found on a quarry 



site at Mitla, Mexico 338 



199. Marvelous mural masonry of the ancient Peruvians 341 



200. Carving of the massive rock in place by the ancient Peruvians. . . 342 



201. Common forms of abrading stones from the Atlantic States 346 



202. Type of whetstone of jade in common use among the western 



Eskimo 346 



203. Grooves produced liy the abrasion of implements 347 



204. Series of positions illustrating abrading work with a small hand 



implement 347 



205. A California Indian grinding shell ornaments on a flat stone 348 



206. Traces of abrading work left in rock bodies in place 348 



207. Use of the saw-abrader 349 



208. Showing the result of sawing from opposite sides and breaking the 



thin septum 349 



209. Solid stone drill points 350 



210. Drill points of chipped flint 350 



211. Tubular drill of copper and section of bore 351 



212. Bowl of travertine vase partially excavated by tubular cbill 351 



213. Alabaster tablet -ftdth the bone drill found in place 352 



214. Primitive method of drilling 353 



215. Primitive method of drilling 353 



216. Primitive method of drilling 353 



217. Primitive method of drilling 353 



218. Primitive method of drilling 354 



219. Primitive method of drilling 354 



220. Primitive method of drilling 355 



221 . Primitive method of drilling 355 



222. Weighted drills 356 



223. a, Use of strong strokes by a broad-ixiinted imj)lement, prol)abIy 



hafted. b, Use of a narrow-pointed implement, probably 



unliafted 360 



