ILLUST1?ATT0NS XI 



Page 

 P'iGURE 148. Beginning of the chipping of the second side of the bowlder. A 



pad was generally used to protect the hand 291 



149. a, Profile of a blade, unsuccessful because too thick, b, Profile of a 



blade, successful because thin enough to serve as a knife, or as 



the blank form for a projectile point 291 



150. Tj^pes of the blades, the blank forms of implements, produced in 



the quarries 292 



151. Example of failure in blade making due to malformation 293 



152. Example of cross fracture under the hammer near the completion 



of a blade 293 



153. Cross-fractured blade, one-half of which was found, and also a 



dozen of the flakes struck from it with the hammer. Flakes set 



back into place 293 



154. Limited degree of specialization of the blades, possilile by per- 



cussion with flat discoidal hammers 294 



155. Large, thick, animal-shaped figure of flint, prol^ably specialized 



exclusively with the hammerstone 294 



156. Flint blade the specialization of which would exceed the capacity 



of the hammerstone 295 



157. Indirect percussion; three hands employed 296 



158. Free-hand fracture with hammer and deer-horn pimch 297 



159. Fracture of a stone held in the hand ])y striking it against an anvil 



stone 297 



160. Fracturing a large stone with a hammerstone cast as a missile 298 



161. Use of a hammerstone in making flakes 298 



162. Shapingabladeatrestbyfractiu-e with a hammerstone 299 



163. Chipping a stone held at rest by strokes of a hammerstone 300 



164. Pebble from which flakes have been removed by strokes of the 



hammer 301 



165. Hammerstones used also as anvils, as indicated by the scarring. . 301 



166. Hammerstones used also as anvils, as indicated by the scarring. . 301 



167. Flakes made from water- worn bowlders by a single stroke of the 



hammerstone 302 



168. Rest fracture with hammer and punch • 302 



169. Fracture by resting a blade upon an anvil and tapping it from 



above with a hammer 303 



170. Notching a blade by resting it on a sharp-edged anvil and tapping 



it with a hammer 303 



171. Free-hand pressure chipping with a bone ])oint 305 



172. Sharpening an arrow point by chipping with a bone point 306 



173. Examples of pressure chipping tools 307 



174. Positions and movements in pressure chipping 308 



175. Paiute Indian chipping a knife blade with a bone point 309 



176. Relative position of the implements in the hands of the Paiute 



Indian, fig. 175 310 



177. Free-hand pressure chipping of the Klamath Indians 311 



178. Free-hand pressure chipping of the Klamath Indians 312 



179. Position in chipping with a bone point by the Wintoons 314 



180. Flint working by Ishi 317 



181. Bone chipping implement of the Eskimo 319 



182. Method of flaking by Mexican Indians as described by Torque- 



mada, and by western United States tribes as described by 



Catlin 323 



