X ILLUSTRATIONS 



Page 

 Figure III. Gout^e of New England type emjiloyed in the Connecticut Avenue 



quarries 238 



112. Traces of aboriginal work in soapstone quarry, Santa Gatalina 



Island 239 



113. The soapstone workers, a life-size group prepared by the writer 



for the Panama California Exposition and repeated in the 



National Museum 240 



114. Stone implements from the ancient mica mines of North Carolina . . . 243 



115. Stone implements from the ancient mica mines of North Carolina . . 244 



116. Sketch map showing the relation of the Robinson and Sink Hole 



mines 24G 



117. Distant \iew of the Robinson mine 247 



118. The Robinson mine, on crest of ridge 247 



119. Section of the Robinson mine 248 



120. Sketch indicating the present appearance of the mine 250 



121. Section of the Clarissa mine 250 



122. Photographic views of the Clarissa mine 251 



123. Sketch map of the pipestone quarry 254 



124. Catlin's sketch of the pipestone quarry 255 



125. The almost complete ol)literation of the earlier pittings. Pipe- 



stone village in the distance 256 



126. Appearance of the present quarries 257 



127. The Sioux at work with steel tools 258 



12S. Indian miner breaking up the exposed margin of the pipestone 



layer 259 



129. Section of the {lipestone quarry 259 



130. Hammerstones used in the (juarry work before the ac(iuirement of 



steel tools 260 



131. Grooved sledges of the Plains tril)es found on the shop sites 261 



132. Examples of worked bits of the pipestone from the camp sites 261 



133. Commercial pipe and trinket maker at work near the quarries. . . 263 



134. Great granite bowlders near the quarries, brought from the far 



north by glacial ice 265 



135. A heap of ancient mining tools thrown out of the quarry 266 



136. Examples of the stone sledge heads, picks, and hammers found in 



the mines 267 



137. Wall of a modern iron mine, exposing the ancient tunnels 268 



138. Section indicating the general character of the ancient tunneling . . . 269 



139. One of the figures of the model of the hematite workers, pre- 



pared by the writer for the Panama California Exposition 1'70 



140. Stone sledge heads from the ancient turcjuoise mines at Los Ceril- 



los, N . Mex 272 



141. The stonecutters of Yucatan. From a group in the National 



Museum 275 



142. Tyj)es of hammerstones 285 



143. Pitted hammerstones employed in a wide range of uses, and of very 



general occurrence 286 



144. Free-hand fracture of a l)Owlder withabowlder hammer 287 



145. Flint working I»y Ishi, a Yahi Indian of California 288 



146. First step in the making of a thin blade 290 



147. (I, ( )ne face chipped all around but unsuccessful because not flat 



enough — a reject, h, Successful so far because flat enough to 



insure a thin blade, provided the other side chips equally flat. . 291 



