ILLUSTRATIONS IX 



Figure G7. Section showing the ancient excavations 190 



68. Clublike implement used in removing the concretions from the 



matrix 190 



69. Suggested manner of holding the quarry implement 191 



70. Examples of the blades produced and ready for hafting as hoes. . 191 



71. Hoe blade specialized to facilitate hafting 192 



72. Much-used abrading stone 192 



73. Rejected blade used as an abrader 192 



74. Chipping implements made of the base of deer antlers 193 



75. Manner of using the antler hammer, unhafted 194 



76. Manner of using the antler hammer, hafted 194 



77. Sketch map of the Indian Mountain novaculite quarry 197 



78. Sketch map of a small portion of the Magnet Cove novaculite 



quarries 199 



79. Section through a single quarry pit well filled with shop debris. . 202 



80. Plan of lodge shop site showing central fire pit and circle of chert 



blocks and shaping refuse 203 



81. Workshop sites with depression in the center, probably the lodge 



fireplace 204 



82. Series illustrating the full range of quarry shop rejects 205 



83. Prevailing cause of failure 206 



84. Comparatively thin blade found among the refuse 206 



85. Blade broken near point of completion 207 



86. Slightly notched specimen, possibly used as a pick 208 



87. Nucleus from which flake knives have been struck 208 



88. Sketch map of the Wyoming quartzite quarry area 211 



89. Present appearance of the Wyoming quartzite quarries 212 



90. Present appearance of the Wyoming quartzite quarries 212 



91. Giant columns of impure obsidian, Obsidian Canyon, Yellowstone 



National Park 215 



92. Obsidian blades from California 216 



93. Obsidian workers in California 217 



94. Great deposits of obsidian flakes and other shop refuse. Mountain 



of the Knives, Mexico 219 



95. Section of the great deposit of fiakage, obsidian mines, Mountain 



of the Knives, Mexico 220 



96. Hammerstones from the obsidian mines of Mexico 221 



97. Roughed-out nuclei intended for blade making, rejected on ac- 



count of defects of fracture, Mountain of the Knives, Mexico. . . 222 



98. Exhausted or nearly exhausted nuclei from the Valley of Mexico. 223 



99. Scraper-like ol)jects from the refuse heaps, Mountain of the 



Knives, Mexico 224 



100. Large flakes slightly specialized for undetermined uses. Moun- 



tain of the Knives, Mexico 225 



101. Types of implements from the fields near the obsidian mines, 



Mountain of the Knives, Mexico 226 



102. Lump of soapstone partly cut out of the mass 229 



103. The stump left by breaking off the globular lump 230 



104. Unfinished vessels broken during the shaping work 232 



105. Rudely finished vessels from village sites 233 



106. Appearance of the Clifton quarry, Vu-ginia, after cleaning out 234 



107. Chisel and pick like forms of quarry implements 235 



108. Chisel and pick like forms of quarry implements 236 



109. Grooved axes employed as picks in the quarry work 237 



110. Grooved axes employed as picks in the quarry work 237 



