VIII ILLUSTRATIONS 



Page 

 Figure 31. Terra-cotta figurine reported to have come from late Tertiary or 



early Quaternary deposits, Idaho 69 



32. Section showing the geological position of the Lansing skeleton. . . 71 



33. Frontal view of the Lansing skull, Kansas 71 



34. Sand-buried Indian village, site on shore of Chesapeake Bay 74 



35. Sections of gravel bank, Newcomerstown, Ohio, suggesting danger 



of mjsinteniretation of finds 80 



36. Supposed paleolithic im])lement from gravels at Newcomerstown, 



compared with rejects of blade-making from shop sites 81 



37. Chipped blade from supposed glacial deposits at Loveland, Ohio. 82 



38. Grooved ax from supposed glacial deposits, New London, Ohio. . . 83 



39. Objects of chipped quartz from sand and gravel deposits at L,ittle 



Falls, Minn. Probably rejectage of arrowhead making 86 



40. Implement-like bits of bone from a California cave 92 



41. ]\Iap of North America outlining tentative culture characterization 



areas 96 



42. Map of South America outlining tentative culture characterization 



areas 97 



43. Map of lower Piney Branch, showing position of bowlder quarries. 160 



44. Section of bluffs showing position of bowlder quarries 161 



45. Section of bowlder quarry showing undermining and a pocket of 



shop refuse 161 



46. Section of bowlder quarry showing ordinary quarry face and 



deposit of shop refuse 162 



47. Character of refuse deposits exposed by trenching 163 



48. Part of an extensive deposit of shop refuse near the quarry face. . 164 



49. Relation of a roughed-out, broken blade to the original bowlder. . 165 



50. Series of rejects illustrating failure at various steps of progress in 



blade making 166 



51. Examples of blades broken under the hammerstone when nearly 



finished 167 



52. Bowlder showing marks of use as an anvil 168 



. 53. Examples of the blades produced in the quarry workshops 169 



54. Examples of the specialized implements from village sites 170 



55. I.ife-size group in plaster of Paris, illustrating the quarry shop- 



work 171 



56. Map showing distribution of the several Flint Ridge quarry areas. 174 



57. Detail map of a portion of the Flint Ridge quarries, showing dis- 



tribution of pittings 175 



58. Section of a quarry excavation, showing work in progress 177 



59. Rejects of blade making due to malformation, too great thickness 



being the principal cause of failure 179 



60. Examples of the hammerstones employed in blade making 180 



61. Types of the blades produced in the quarry shops 182 



62. Types of the implements specialized for use, one as a scraper, the 



others as projectile points 183 



63. Map of the Mill Creek quarry site 187 



64. Section indicating the relation of the residual nodule-bearing 



deposits to the limestones 188 



65. Manner of occurrence of the chert concretions in the limestone 



strata 189 



66. Examples of the flatfish, irregularly shaped chert concretions 



used in blade making 189 



