40 



BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[BtTLL. 60 



penetrating the xVrctic and passing into America without a well- 

 assured food supply, without fire, without clothing, and witliout 

 implements of the chase. Advocates of the Tertiary or early Quater- 

 nary settlement of America may take exception to this view, since 

 it is possible that climatic conditions were such in the later Pliocene, 

 or possibly in certain interglacial epochs, that the far north was 

 favorable to human occupation and that if geographical relations 

 were favorable man may have spread to the ends of the earth. In 



Fig. 19. Stages of migration in the peopling of America from tropical Asia. 



reply it may be said that not only is the hypothesis of early general 

 distribution under any conditions improbable in itself, but it is 

 entirely without the support of evidence. 



Figure 19 will aid in conveying a notion of the problems of mi- 

 gration under known post-Tertiary conditions from 



Effect of Migra- ^ q| ^ ^^ .^ ^ |j ^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^. Vorld bv WaV of 



tion on Culture _ . ^ 



the Arctic gateway, and in suggesting the cultural 

 transfoi-mations which would accompany each step of the process. 

 In each successive environment from ^i to O man would come under 



