56 



BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[ BULL. 60 



multiple genesis of the languages introduced into America and of 

 continued divergence is illustrated in figure 21. The same sugges- 

 tion applies to other branches of culture and to race. 



Considering all features of the research it seems probable that the 

 immigrants to America were comparatively uniform in physical 

 characters and in mental capacity, while the dialects w^ere greatly 

 diversified. Further and greatly accelerated differentiation must 

 have resulted from the new and constantly changing conditions of 



Fig. 21. Map suggest ing mult iple origins in Asia and differentiations in America. 



environment to which the migrating peoples were necessarily sub- 

 jected in passing from Arctic America toward the Equator, and 

 thence again toward the Antarctic. Differentiating agencies corre- 

 sponding to those affecting language must have affected religion, 

 folklore, games of divination and chance, social customs, etc., of the 

 migrating tribes, reducing to a minimum the importance of these 

 branches of culture as aids in the study of chronology. 



The diversified phenomena of material culture have been the sub- 

 ject of extended studies by chronologists. The evo- 

 cuituro and ciiro- j^^^j^^^^ ^^. ^^^^ ^rts and industries of primitive peoples 



was naturally a process involving much time, but 

 assuming that culture (levelo]mient in America began with an ad- 

 vanc-ed hunter-fisher stage, progress toAvard the higher stages, ob- 

 served by the European colonists, may have been comparatively 



