78 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [b-jll. 60 



implement shops as well as of the dwelling sites of the Delaware 

 \'alk\v, has shown in the most satisfactory manner a principal source 

 of the ariiillite, the jn-ocesses emplcj^ed in shaping it, and the various 

 forms produced. He has shown beyond dispute that the well-identi- 

 fied Indian tribes of the valley employed argillite and produced 

 every known form of argillite artifact. Having described his re- 

 searches in the Aicinity of Trenton, this author concludes with the 

 following paragraphs : 



We had learned that Lenni Lenape Indians had worked the Gaddis' Run 

 quarry, prohahly as hite as the year 1700, for the purpose of making; ovate 

 bhmks of argillite desirable " turtlebncks " that would work down into the 

 hroad, thin forms called "cache blades," and that in the process many inidc- 

 sirablc " turtlehacks" or wasters different in type from the characteristic 

 Trenton specimens were produced, which, since they wouhl not thin down into 

 cache blades. w«n-e cast into the rubbish heap by the quarrymen. 



That the same Indians had worked the riverside trimminjc-shop, carried 

 thither quarry "turtlehacks" for thinning, and at the same time made river- 

 side "turtlehacks" resembling the average Trenton specimens in form, on the 

 I'iverside, from surface material, and for the same purpose of thinning down. 



That the same Indians had occupied the upper layer of the village site at 

 Lower Black's Eddy, worked its trinnning-shop, and again scattered the site 

 with riverside " tiu'tlebacks " made on the si)ot. 



That anotiier trii)e of Indians, or band of the same tribe, wlio had probably 

 not worked the quarry, had at a long or short time previously occupieil the 

 lower Jaijcr of the village site, where they had still strewn the ground with 

 riverside " turtlehacks" resembling the usual Trenton forms. . . . 



Thus to examine the main outcrop of argillite in the Delaware Valley was 

 to concentrate attention upon a si>ot where successive argillite-using inhabitants 

 of the region, presumably resorting to the neighborhood for blade material, 

 should liave left traces of themselves had they existed. I>ut the remains 

 found were, after all, scanty. All referred to the Indian. No token of an 

 antecedent race was discovered, either on the exposed native rock, upon the hills 

 above, or on the beaches below. 



Nor has anything yet been found anywhere else in the valley to corroborate 

 the alleged antiquity of tlie chipped blades from Trenton, while, as remarked 

 ))efore, the Trenton case has been somewhat weakened by the appearance 

 among the exhibited list of Drift specimens in the Peabody Museum of several 

 blades of connnou Indian pattern and of certain "turtlehacks," which, .iudged 

 by form, appear to have been made by Indians at the Gaddis' Run quarries. 

 I\b>re than ever tlu' question of (Jlacial man has been narrowed down to evi- 

 dence i)roduced at one sit(>. and (<• a tiuestion of the correctness of observation 

 of individuals.^ 



There can be no question that men have dwelt in the Delaware 

 Valley as elsewhere in America for many centuries or e\ en thousands 

 of years, possibly as far back as the closing stages of the glacial 

 ])eriod in the northern United States, but the evidence thus far fur- 

 nished as proof of the glacial or immediately postglacial occupancy 

 is by no means conclusive. As to the question of a distinctive ele- 



' Morcor, R(^scarches upon the Antiquity of Man in tlii' Dolaw.Tre Vnlli'v and tho East- 

 ern llnUed States, pp. S4-8.J. 



